Syncope first needs to be distinguished from concepts such as dizziness, vertigo, fainting, epilepsy, shock and coma. So how to differentiate and diagnose whether it is easy to faint? Here are some differences: 1. dizziness (dizziness): refers to the dizziness of the mind, often accompanied by blurred vision, the feeling of shaking body, and no impairment of consciousness. 2, vertigo (vertigo): is the patient’s subjective experience of orientation (spatial orientation sensation) error, the patient feels that the surrounding objects rotate or move to one side, or feel themselves rotating, shaking or rising and falling, patients often describe as “spinning”, “unstable footsteps Patients often describe “spinning”, “unstable footsteps”, “sitting in a boat”, “tilting to one side”, etc., but the consciousness is clear, mostly as a manifestation of vestibular neuropathy. According to its clinical manifestations, it can be divided into two types: peripheral vertigo and central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo is often caused by Meniere’s disease, middle ear infection, mastoid and vagus infection, vaginitis, vestibular neuritis, acute vestibular nerve injury, Eustachian tube obstruction, etc.; it often manifests as paroxysmal vertigo with tinnitus, deafness, as well as nausea, vomiting, pallor, slow heartbeat, cold sweat, etc. Central vertigo is often caused by intracranial pressure Central vertigo is often caused by increased intracranial pressure, insufficient blood supply to the brain, craniocerebral trauma, occupying lesions in the cerebellum, fourth ventricle and brainstem, auditory neuroma, epilepsy, etc.; it mostly starts gradually, and the vertigo is persistent with or without autonomic symptoms. 3, epilepsy (seizure): due to abnormal discharges caused by increased excitability of nerve cells in the brain, local cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolic rate of the brain are not reduced but greatly increased during seizures, therefore, the nature of the seizure is very different from that of syncope, although patients have different clinical manifestations depending on the location of the discharge, mode of transmission and extent of the lesion, but often accompanied by loss of consciousness. For suspected patients, the patient and family members or those who have observed the seizure process should be asked to understand the seizure situation and do a detailed physical examination to determine whether it is epilepsy, grand mal seizures are often accompanied by continuous generalized muscle contraction and more characteristic performance, it is not difficult to determine the diagnosis, for petit mal seizures, usually manifested as a continuous The patient’s work or movement is suddenly suspended, and he or she is frozen and does not respond to the outside world, or he or she stares straight at the outside world, and the object in his or her hand falls down. The difference between the two is that the seizure and disappearance of the former is more rapid and sudden than that of the latter, and after the seizure, the patient can continue the original work or movement as if nothing had happened, and there is no obvious autonomic dysfunction. In the case of syncopal seizures, there are mostly obvious autonomic symptoms or other primary disease manifestations after the seizure, and the EEG only shows slow waves during the seizure. Another type of epilepsy that needs to be distinguished is mesencephalic epilepsy, which is a clinical syndrome caused by lesions in the lower part of the optic thalamus, mostly due to infection, trauma or degeneration. 4.Collapse: It is a transient peripheral circulatory failure that occurs suddenly under various causative factors due to massive loss of body fluids, heart disease, cholera, typhoid fever, pneumonia, etc., causing a state of extreme fatigue and weakness, but not accompanied by loss of consciousness, and the patient mostly shows pale skin, lips or mild cyanosis, a rapid drop in blood pressure [systolic blood pressure ≤ 8.0 kPa (60 mmHg)], weak pulse, sweating, etc. 5, shock (shock): the original meaning of shock and blow, also from the Greek, at first refers to the body by violent shock and blow when the pathological process, that is, traumatic shock, now refers to a variety of causes such as infection, blood or fluid loss, trauma, etc. caused by acute circulatory disorders, so that the tissue blood perfusion is seriously inadequate, so that the function of the vital organs, the metabolism of serious impairment of systemic pathological process. Typical clinical manifestations are lowered blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, weak pulse, pale skin, wet and cold forehead and extremities, reduced urine output, depression and indifference. In the process of development, if the patient is not effectively rescued and treated, irreversible damage will occur to the tissues and organs of the whole body leading to death. The fundamental difference between it and syncope is that the key of shock pathogenesis is not in blood pressure but in blood flow, the basic link of pathogenesis is the rapid decrease of perfusion of vital nutrient vessels (including capillaries and post-capillary micro-venules), therefore, the key of treatment is not simply to raise blood pressure, but to improve the blood flow of microcirculation. 6, coma (coma): is a state of profound unconsciousness caused by various diseases such as diabetes, uremia or intracranial lesions, is a continuous loss of consciousness, is a serious stage of impaired consciousness, the brain can only cause coma when there is fairly extensive inhibition or damage. The main difference between syncope and coma is the different duration of loss of consciousness. Coma is mostly caused by intracranial occupying lesions, hemorrhage, tumor or infection, and metabolic lesions of the brain such as severe hypoglycemia, liver failure, etc. Simple cerebral insufficiency of blood supply is less likely to cause coma, therefore, their pathogenesis is different.