The septic time of perianal abscess is usually 5-7 days, and if left untreated, it can form an anal fistula. Perianal abscesses are caused by perianal infection and mainly manifest as perianal masses with redness, swelling, heat and pain, and may present with local fever or generalized fever, with a relatively severe degree of pain that affects patients’ walking and rest. Most perianal abscesses are superficial subcutaneous abscesses caused by the infection of the anal gland spreading downward through the external sphincter. The surgical methods for perianal abscess include perianal abscess incision and drainage and perianal abscess one-time radical treatment. Patients need to undergo intravenous anti-infection treatment after surgery, strengthen drug exchange treatment, pay attention to perianal hygiene, keep the bowels open and increase the intake of high-protein food to promote wound healing.