At present, there are still various misuses of antibiotics in the treatment of childhood diseases, including infectious diseases, due to doctors or parents. What are the misconceptions about the use of antibiotics? How should antibiotics be used? The parents are often anxious when their children get sick, and they always hope that they can use the medicine immediately and see immediate results. Due to the misunderstanding of antibiotics, sometimes they overemphasize the role of antibiotics in the change of the disease process, and even rely on antibiotics in the treatment of diseases. Some parents rush to the hospital with a high fever child, and tell the doctor at home has taken antibiotics; some parents visit the clinic to emphasize that the child fever must use antibiotics disease to get well. 2, parents do not take their children to the hospital, randomly take the existing antibiotics at home, lack of selectivity. 3, several antibiotics at the same time or frequent change of medication. 4, randomly stop taking or intermittent taking, think that no fever that is healed, or to save time do not follow the drug instructions to take drugs, arbitrarily reduce the number of medication; 5, preventive medicine, think that the child is sick, with antibiotics will be safe, it can not appear complications or complications. How should antibiotics be used? In response to the above misconceptions about the use of antibiotics, the following is a brief introduction to the principles of antibiotic use. However, due to the diversity and variability of pediatric conditions, children who are sick should still go to the hospital and let the doctor make a diagnosis and give the appropriate treatment based on their condition. 1, by the doctor to determine whether to apply antibiotics Fever, diarrhea is a common symptom in children, can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infectious and non-infectious, and in the disease caused by infection, the pathogenic bacteria may be viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, etc., to make a specific analysis of the causes of the above symptoms is the premise of the rational use of antibiotics. Children with illnesses should see a doctor, who will make a diagnosis based on the child’s medical history, clinical manifestations, epidemiological status, combined with the necessary auxiliary tests, and based on the diagnosis the doctor will determine whether antibiotic treatment is needed. Usually, among the infectious diseases caused by common pathogens, those caused by bacterial and mycoplasma infections require antibiotics, while those caused by viral (common pathogens of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections and infant diarrhea) infections do not require antibiotics. Do not use antibiotics when your child gets sick. 2, the pathogenic bacteria are different, the medication is also different Childhood susceptible to infectious diseases, but the age, different seasons susceptible to different pathogens, in addition, the onset of the season and the prevailing disease conditions also have a great role in clinical diagnosis. Usually, based on the clinical diagnosis, the doctor can infer the type of pathogenic bacteria, or combine with the necessary auxiliary examination (including pathogenic examination), and choose effective antibiotics; if the diagnosis of the pathogenic bacteria is unknown, broad-spectrum antibiotics can be used. The parents choose their own antibiotics for their sick children, lacking specificity, which may result in poor or ineffective treatment, and may induce the production of drug-resistant bacteria, causing difficulties in later treatment or the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. The actual antibiotics are not senior and low level, only the pathogenic bacteria are sensitive to the drug and insensitive, to judge the price of the drug good or bad, senior low level is not justified. 3, can’t blindly take two or more antibiotics at the same time Two or more antibiotics used at the same time is called a combination of drugs. Taking more than two kinds of antibiotics at the same time may cause the consequences of ineffective medication. Usually, there is a serious infection or mixed infection, the pathogenic bacteria is unknown or a single antibiotic can not control, or a longer-term application of antibiotics bacterial resistance may be, as well as the combination of drugs can make the dose of more toxic drugs can be reduced, only under the guidance of the doctor combined medication. The idea of using more drugs for more insurance is wrong. The actual dose of the drug is determined by the doctor after the pathogenic bacteria is selected, the dose and the way of administration need to be decided from the child’s condition, the metabolic characteristics of the drug in the body, and the compliance of the drug administration. In order to ensure that the antibiotics work well without harming the organism, it is necessary to grasp the appropriate dose of antibiotics. In children, the dose of drugs is usually calculated by the doctor according to the diagnosis, condition, weight or body surface area, in addition, the metabolic status of the pediatric organism should also be taken into account, for children with liver and kidney diseases, in addition to avoiding the application of drugs with corresponding toxic side effects, the dose of drugs should be carefully considered. The concept that children’s medication is simply a halving of the adult dose is wrong. The antibiotic treatment course varies according to the type of disease, the severity of the disease, the response to the existing treatment, etc., the specific should consult your doctor, the concept that the disappearance of symptoms is the disease is cured is wrong. 5, generally do not need prophylactic medication The purpose of prophylactic application of antibiotics is to prevent 1-2 specific bacteria from invading the wound or blood circulation and occurring infection, part of the surgical prophylaxis. It follows that prophylactic application of antibiotics should not normally be used. 6, alert to adverse reactions Application of antibiotics should pay attention to drug-induced allergic reactions, toxic reactions and secondary infections. Allergic reactions can take various forms, such as rash, drug fever, angioneurotic edema in mild cases, asthma in severe cases, and even anaphylactic shock. Toxic reactions can be seen as aplastic anemia caused by chloramphenicol, deafness caused by gentamicin, etc. Because of the application of antibiotics to kill or inhibit the sensitive bacteria, the uninhibited strains of bacteria can be proliferated, the occurrence of flora disorders, so in the process of drug use may appear mycobacteria, drug-resistant bacteria and other secondary infections, such infections can be lighter local, such as oral, gastrointestinal tract infection, but also may develop into sepsis, or even life-threatening.