Congenital heart disease is a congenital abnormality of the cardiovascular system caused by abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels during fetal life, and is the most common heart disease in children. Congenital heart disease generally cannot heal on its own and requires surgery or intervention to cure. However, surgery does not mean that the child is safe, and post-operative problems often occur, leaving many parents worried about their children. What are the problems that need our special attention after surgery for children with precordial disease? Problem 1: Fever After surgery, the child cries and breathes significantly faster, touching the head or measuring the body temperature >37.5℃, suggesting fever. The common reasons are: ① the absorption heat generated by the body tissue in the early postoperative period (1-2 weeks); ② the incomplete development of the thermoregulatory center in small infants, and the excessive warmth leading to fever. You can wipe the forehead with warm water and reduce clothes and bedding. If the fever does not drop, and there is wound redness, swelling, fever, pain, and even fluid exudation, consider wound infection. If coughing and coughing consider cold, you can take physical cooling, oral antipyretics, avoid convulsions and seizures, and go to the hospital in time to avoid pneumonia leading to heart failure. Problem 2: Sputum The child may show cough, cough, asthma, poor appetite and poor spirit. After surgery, the child has more respiratory secretions, and if the sputum is not coughed out in time, the sputum stays in the lungs for a long time and is easy to cause lung infection. However, due to their young age and lack of communication and cooperation skills, they are unable to cough up sputum on their own and often need external help to expel sputum. Parents can hold the palm of their hand empty and, from the bottom up, snap the back with wrist force to help the child expel sputum. Problem 3: Pericardial and pleural effusion This condition is most common in children who have had surgery for tetralogy of Fallot, surgery for other complex malformations, or who have been admitted to the intensive care unit for more than 1 week. The child presents with a significant decrease in urine output, puffy face and eyelids, swollen ankles, difficulty breathing, and inability to lie flat. Treatment: Children with prediabetes need to prevent colds after surgery, as they are weak and colds can increase the burden on the heart and lungs. 1, keep the indoor air fresh, at least 2-3 times a day ventilation. 2, maintain the appropriate room temperature of 22-25 ℃, humidity 40-50% (use humidifier). 3.Stay away from crowded places and avoid contact with people with respiratory tract infection. 4.Diet should be rich in protein and vitamins, and easy to digest. 5. If the child has fever, cough, labored breathing, significantly reduced urine output, swollen face and eyelids, and swollen ankles, he/she should be alert to heart failure and seek prompt medical attention.