I. Notes on taking medication
1, pay attention to the self-management of blood pressure, such as conditions allow, can provide their own sphygmomanometer and learn to self-test blood pressure, regular blood pressure measurement, 1-2 weeks should be measured at least once.
2, pay attention to cultivate and adhere to the “three hearts”, that is, confidence, determination, perseverance. Only by doing so can we prevent or postpone the damage to the important organs of the body.
3, pay attention to lowering blood pressure can not be too hasty, the elderly systolic blood pressure should be controlled within 140-159mmhg, to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The elderly and patients taking norepinephrinergic nerve terminal blocking drugs should pay attention to prevent the occurrence of postural hypotension.
4. Be careful not to stop medications indiscriminately Most of the medications you take out of the hospital when you are discharged are medications you must take to prevent blood pressure rebound. These drugs need to be taken regularly and for a long time. When to stop using them or how to adjust them needs to be guided by a specialist in cardiovascular medicine.
Second, rehabilitation instructions.
1, emotional stability, psychological balance
Patients with hypertension often feel all kinds of discomfort after sudden and severe emotional stimulation, such as dizziness, whimpering, panic, weakness, etc. Measuring blood pressure will reveal an increase in blood pressure, or even cause a sudden rise in blood pressure. This shows that drastic emotional changes are often the cause of hypertensive emergencies and serious complications of hypertension. Patients with hypertension should adopt an open-minded attitude, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, be calm and collected, and pay attention to the “degree” of happiness, anger and sadness. Cultivate good adaptability to the natural environment and society, when there is a large mental stress should try to release, confide in friends, relatives or encourage participation in relaxing amateur activities, so that they live in the best realm, so as to maintain a stable blood pressure.
2, pay attention to rest, sleep and body position
Inpatients have experienced that in the first few days of hospitalization, even without medication, blood pressure will drop, due to regular life, mental relaxation, relatively constant work and rest time, and adequate sleep and rest. If life is irregular and sleep is insufficient, sympathetic excitability increases, which can increase the degree of blood pressure elevation.
Changes in body position can affect blood pressure. The blood pressure of the human body is different in the prone position, standing position and sitting position, generally from the prone position to the standing process, there will be a short-lived blood pressure drop process, after the rapid adjustment of nerves, blood pressure back to normal. Older people, especially those with combined hypertension and atherosclerosis, may feel dizzy and dizzy due to the decline in neural regulation and vasodilatory function, and this period of blood pressure decline may last longer and be more pronounced. So when you stand up from a lying, sitting or squatting position, you must be slow to prevent fainting and falling.
3, reasonable diet, quit smoking and limit alcohol
The WHO has recommended that each person should consume less than 5 grams of salt per day and eat less pickled and smoked foods, soy sauce, MSG, clams and shellfish, shrimp, eggs and other foods with high sodium content; drink less strong tea, coffee and other stimulating drinks. Coffee and other stimulating beverages. Foods that lower blood pressure include celery, carrots, tomatoes, water chestnuts, cucumbers, fungus, kelp, bananas, etc. Foods to lower blood fat include hawthorn, garlic, onion, sea fish, green beans, etc. In addition, you can eat some fish and soybeans and products, and eat more food containing high potassium, magnesium, iodine and zinc such as straw mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, flat mushrooms, mushrooms, black fungus, silver fungus and other mushroom food is rich in nutrients and has a better effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Smoking can directly constrict arterial blood vessels, resulting in hypertension, but also on the vascular endothelial cells have a damaging effect, increasing the aggregation of platelets, accelerating the formation and process of atherosclerosis, so hypertensive patients should quit smoking. Long-term heavy alcohol consumption is also an important risk factor for the development of hypertension, high concentrations of alcohol can lead to atherosclerosis, alcohol consumption should be controlled.
4, moderate exercise
Patients with hypertension, to exercise within the limits of their ability, appropriate physical labor and physical exercise can cause peripheral vasodilatation, blood pressure drop, have the habit of continuous exercise: the most is to do aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise with weight loss can reduce blood pressure, should avoid participating in competitive sports activities, to the extent possible, such as walking, jogging, tai chi, cycling and swimming are aerobic exercise. Precautions for exercise: Do not overdo it or be too strong or too tired, but take a gradual approach to increase the amount of activity. When exercising, do not fast to avoid hypoglycemia, should be carried out 2 hours after meals. Sickness or discomfort should stop exercise, exercise in any discomfort, should be stopped.
5.Prevent cold and avoid heat, increase and decrease clothing
Cold will make the blood pressure rise, hypertension complications increase, which is especially obvious when the temperature drops, so hypertensive patients should do a good job in winter to keep warm, especially the limbs and head and face warm. In summer, care should also be taken to prevent heat stroke.
Third, the follow-up notice.
Patients with hypertension should go to the hospital for frequent checkups so that other pathologies can be detected early. Pay attention to regular electrocardiogram to understand the condition of the heart and determine whether the heart muscle is ischemic. Pay attention to regular orthopantomogram to observe whether the aorta is dilated. Pay attention to the blood lipid situation to detect the first signs of coronary heart disease at an early stage. Pay attention to blood glucose check and do glucose tolerance test for early detection of diabetes and early treatment. Diuretics can cause hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia, pay attention to blood calcium and uric acid levels. Pay attention to regular check of kidney function.
Patients with hypertension have a much higher risk of hypertensive emergencies, coronary heart disease and even acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents than normal people, and we recommend that you review them regularly at the hospital. Do seek medical attention on time and in a timely manner, especially when there are symptoms such as elevated or low blood pressure after taking medication, large fluctuations in blood pressure; or blurred vision, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia, aphasia, impaired consciousness, breathing difficulties, limb weakness, etc. You should seek medical attention immediately at the nearest hospital. If the condition is critical, ask for help 120.