Ingrown toenail is a common disease in surgical clinics, mostly occurring on the inner and outer toenail edges of the big toe, causing persistent pain in the nail groove and easily accompanied by infection, which affects the patient’s work and life. According to its clinical manifestations, it is divided into 3 types: mild, moderate and severe. Mild: the inflammatory stage, the toenail embedded in the soft tissue of the nail groove, resulting in mild edema of the local soft tissue, mild redness and swelling of the nail edge, accompanied by mild pressure pain; moderate: the abscess stage, the nail groove is inflammatory reaction, redness and swelling is obvious, the swelling and pain of the nail edge tissue increases, there is exudation, there is no suppuration and granulation, local tenderness is obvious; severe: the granulation stage, there is suppuration with or without granulation, swelling and pain of the nail edge tissue. The reason for the formation of ingrown nail is the long-term bad extrusion resulting in narrowing of the front part of the nail bed, and the law of toenail growth is from the back end to the front end, when the front end of the nail bed width is less than the back end, and the width of the nail has not changed, it is bound to make the nail lateral growth, edge curl, embedded, the formation of ingrown nail. Ingrown nails are often related to the following factors: trimming the nail too short and too deep, wearing shoes too tight, trauma, other factors such as congenital local deformity, nail malnutrition, fungal infection, etc. These factors cause the normal continuity of the nail bed and nail groove to break, so that the growth of the nail mechanical changes, resulting in ingrown nails. Ingrown toenail is the main cause of ingrown toenail complicating nail fungus, which is the result of prolonged extrusion and friction of the nail edge in the nail groove. For the above reasons, the principle of treatment is to remove the bad pressure of the edge of the toenail on the nail groove, while correcting the deformity of the narrow nail bed in front and wide at the back, if the ingrown nail has been formed, the mild ones only need to trim the nail edge slightly, the severe ones need to trim the nail or pull the nail depending on the condition, but most patients only need to trim, there is no need to pull the nail, if recurrent attacks may need to perform nail groove shaping to remove the deep nail groove. The prevention of ingrown toenails is actually very simple, avoid trimming the nail too short and too deep, wearing shoes too tight, trauma, the most critical is usually often to the big toe nail edge reverse squeeze massage, so that the top of the nail edge exposed outside, if local redness and pain, as soon as possible to deal with, so as not to delay the best time for treatment. If the nail is caused by fungus, the fungal infection should be actively controlled first.