Vestibular neuronitis is a benign disease characterized by sudden attacks of severe vertigo, initially persistent and later paroxysmal. The etiology of vestibular neuronitis is unknown and may be a viral infection with lesions in the vestibular neurons. The disease is thought to be a neuronitis involving the vestibular branch of the 8th cranial nerve, and because it occurs frequently and epidemically, especially in adolescents and young adults, it is thought to be viral in origin. The first attack of vertigo is severe, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and lasts 7 to 10 days. There is a persistent nystagmus to the affected side. The disease is usually self-resolving and may develop as a single episode or several subsequent episodes after 12 to 18 months; each subsequent episode is less severe and of shorter duration. There is no deafness or tinnitus accompanying the attacks. (1) The disease most often occurs between 30 and 50 years of age, with no significant difference in incidence between the sexes. (2) The onset of the disease is sudden, with a history of fever, epiglottitis or urinary tract infection, mostly caused by mumps, measles and herpes zoster virus. (3) The most prominent clinical manifestation is vertigo, which increases when the head is turned and reaches its peak in a few hours to a few days, and then gradually decreases. Most of them have no tinnitus and deafness, but it has been reported that about 30% of cases have cochlear symptoms; severe cases have dumping, nausea, vomiting and pale face. (4) There are obvious spontaneous nystagmus at the beginning of the disease, mostly horizontal and rotational, fast phase to the healthy side. (5) Vestibular function examination shows unilateral or bilateral diminished response, and some cases recover vestibular function after healing. (6) The disease lasts from a few days to 6 weeks with gradual recovery and may recur in a few patients. Diagnostic evaluation should include an audiogram, nystagmography with hot and cold tests, enhanced cranial MRI with special attention to the internal auditory tract to exclude other diagnostic possibilities such as pontocerebellar horn tumor, brainstem hemorrhage or infarct formation. The diagnosis can be made based on the sudden onset of infection, severe vertigo, unsteadiness on standing, aggravated by head movement, without tinnitus or deafness, vestibular function tests showing unilateral or bilateral diminished response, and good prognosis. It can be differentiated from Ménière’s disease and Ménière’s syndrome based on a clear trigger of infection, without tinnitus and deafness, and with a good prognosis. For acute attacks of vertigo, symptom suppression can be performed according to the management of Ménière’s disease. For prolonged vomiting, intravenous rehydration and electrolytes are necessary for replenishment and supportive treatment.