Surgery is a very important event for any person or family. Anesthesia is a prerequisite for a safe and smooth surgery. In order to make you and your family understand more about anesthesia, cooperate more effectively with anesthesia, and work together to reduce the risks of surgery and anesthesia, so that you can successfully pass the surgery, overcome the disease and recover your health, as your anesthesiologist for surgery, we would like to briefly introduce the following basic knowledge about anesthesia, the main points of cooperation with anesthesia and the problems to pay attention to after anesthesia: 1. Anesthesia” is a method of applying drugs to temporarily reduce or eliminate local or total sensation in the body to achieve the purpose of painless surgery. The site where the drug acts is the nerve of our body, and the function of the nerve is not only to make us feel, but it still governs all our physiological functions such as breathing, blood pressure, consciousness, body temperature, etc. Therefore, my main duty during the operation is to ensure your life safety and complete the operation successfully in a painless state by maintaining your physiological functions at the right time. 2. In order to effectively maintain your life safety, in addition to reading the case completed by the surgeon, I need to ask you in person about your past history of surgical anesthesia and treatment of chronic diseases before the anesthesia, so that I can develop an anesthesia plan suitable for your surgical needs, and so that I can work with the surgeon to adjust your body to the “best” condition to tolerate the surgery. Therefore, please explain in as much detail as possible. Please relax and communicate with your family members, doctors and nurses in charge and our anesthesiologists at the right time to relieve your doubts, especially it is very important to ensure a good sleep on the night before surgery. 4. Nausea and vomiting are the most common discomforts before and after surgery, and accidental aspiration of vomit into the lungs is one of the most serious physical damages after surgery. For this reason, you are required not to eat any food for 8 hours and not to drink any liquid for 6 hours before surgery (2 hours for children). Post-operative nausea and vomiting have a lot to do with your post-operative nervousness, in addition to medication, retained nasogastric tube and surgical operation, so adequate mental preparation before surgery, relaxation or deep breathing after surgery can help to reduce the discomfort. 5, anesthesia operation requires your effective cooperation, first of all, you should remove your dentures, remove accessories and effective respiratory function exercise before surgery; secondly, after entering the operating room, listen to the instructions of the medical staff, and place the anesthesia operation position at the right time; thirdly, you may be awake during the process of intralesional anesthesia or local anesthesia, any discomfort can be explained to me in time, and psychological tension can also require the use of sedative drugs to enter the “Finally, after the surgery, if you need to remove the endotracheal tube for general anesthesia or the epidural tube for endotracheal anesthesia, you need to cooperate with the operation process to avoid unnecessary pain. 6.Postoperative surgical incision pain is a pain that every surgical patient must experience. The continuous pain not only affects your postoperative rest, but also may affect your effective coughing, breathing and early activities, thus increasing other damages to your body. Traditional postoperative analgesic injections or oral analgesics can provide some relief. In recent years, anesthesiologists can provide “patient-controlled analgesic pumps” to significantly improve the quality of postoperative analgesia and reduce the damage to your body from postoperative pain. 7. Smoking is now recognized as the first causative factor of chronic diseases, not only is it an important cause of 148 types of cancer, but it is also one of the main factors of lung function damage before and after surgery. Therefore, in addition to the absolute cessation of smoking for patients undergoing surgery, all family members, relatives and friends should not smoke in front of the patients when they visit them. 8, before and after surgery, respiratory function exercise is an important measure to reduce the degree of postoperative lung function damage and promote recovery. Pre-operative patients are recommended to enhance lung function through intentional deep breathing, balloon blowing and exercise; post-operative patients should overcome incisional pain by artificially coughing, deep breathing, chest expansion exercises and other active exercises to promote lung function recovery. 9.Appropriate exercise before and after surgery is an important measure to recover from surgery and reduce the complications of surgical anesthesia. When you are admitted to the hospital for surgery, you should consult the medical staff in charge to determine the appropriate form of exercise for you. Early postoperative bed exercise or early bed activity is the main measure to reduce postoperative deep vein thrombosis of both lower limbs. When you are unable to exercise on your own, your family should assist you in doing so. In principle, you should eat hygienic, high protein and high vitamin food during your hospitalization. In principle, you should eat hygienic, high-protein and high-vitamin food during your hospitalization. Of course, it is best to consult with your competent medical staff at the right time to determine the appropriate diet for your recovery during your hospitalization. The “supplements” given to you by friends and relatives during the visit must be of good quality and hygienic safety to avoid unnecessary pain. 11.Quiet rest after surgery is also an important part of post-operative rehabilitation. In particular, too many visits from friends and relatives within 48 hours after surgery will not only affect your rest, but also affect the observation and timely treatment of your postoperative complications. Therefore, it is recommended that your friends and relatives reduce the visiting time during your hospitalization, and it is best to rest and cooperate with postoperative observation and treatment to the maximum extent within 48 hours after surgery. 12. It is normal to experience soreness and numbness in both lower extremities when recovering from intravertebral anesthesia (commonly known as hemianesthesia), and normal sensation can be restored when the effect of the anesthetic drug has completely disappeared. But 4 hours after surgery, both lower limbs still can not move or feel obviously abnormal, you should tell the doctor in charge and the anesthesiologist in order to make timely treatment. 13, general anesthesia – post-tracheal intubation sore throat and coughing sputum are common discomfort, a small amount of cold water rinsing mouth, early drug nebulization, patting chest and back, regular deep breathing exercises, etc. can help to reduce the discomfort. If sore throat, frequent coughing and labored breathing occur, the doctor in charge should be informed promptly. 14. 8 hours after surgery is the main time period for residual anesthetic drugs to induce respiratory distress in surgical patients. In addition to close observation, routine oxygenation within a short period of time after surgery is the main method to prevent and control the aggravation of the damage. 15.Clinical conditions vary greatly among individuals, and there may be other discomforts before and after surgery, so please contact us at the appropriate time.