Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands are the most serious complications of thyroid surgery. Patients with parathyroid nerve injury usually suffer from postoperative vocal cord paralysis and patients with low parathyroid glands due to parathyroid gland injury will suffer from postoperative hypocalcemic convulsions that require lifelong calcium supplementation. Despite intraoperative precautions, damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands still occurs during thyroid surgery. Therefore, how to reduce the damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery is a key issue in surgery. Our department has achieved satisfactory clinical results with the application of microsurgical techniques of thyroid surgery with ophthalmic magnification. At present, there is no case of injury to the laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands after microsurgery of the thyroid gland. There are no reports of thyroid microsurgery in our city. Microsurgery of the thyroid gland requires only an eye magnifying microscope, which is inexpensive and easy to operate. Microsurgery of the thyroid gland can effectively prevent intraoperative damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands, which can prevent the complications of surgery from causing a decrease in quality of life and wasting the patient, and reduce the financial burden of postoperative complications on the patient.