Hyperparathyroidism syndrome is not uncommon in clinical practice. The clinical work-up of patients is characterized by multiple bone destruction and urinary calculi. The disease is usually seen in orthopedic or urologic surgery because the disease manifests mainly with skeletal changes and hematuria. Because of the large interdisciplinary nature of the disease, it is poorly understood by many clinicians. The skeletal changes of the disease are distinctive and are characterized by multiple bone destruction and subperiosteal bone resorption in the long bones with little soft tissue mass formation. Subperiosteal bone resorption of the finger bones is a characteristic imaging finding. In combination with the above clinical manifestations, hyperparathyroidism should be highly suspected if the patient has urinary stones. CT or MRI of the neck can clarify the presence or absence of enlarged parathyroid glands. A blood PTH test can reveal the presence or absence of elevated hormone levels. The disease should be differentiated from multiple myeloma, metastatic carcinoma and multiple giant cell tumors of bone. Surgery to remove the enlarged parathyroid glands after diagnosis can cure the disease. Calcium levels should be checked during treatment.