Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

  Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a clinically common tachyarrhythmia due to folding motion, characterized by paroxysmal sudden onset and abrupt cessation, with a heart rate of 160-220 beats/min during the attack, each attack can last less than 1 second or last several seconds, minutes, hours, or even days, and terminate automatically or after treatment. The most effective and complete treatment is radiofrequency ablation therapy.  Clinical manifestations Onset and termination are often sudden, triggered by emotional excitement, sudden change of position, violent exertion, exertion or a full meal, and sometimes without a trigger.  There are mostly palpitations, chest tightness, head and neck swelling, and weakness. Some may have sweating, polyuria, vomiting, numbness of limbs, etc., sometimes accompanied by a sense of fear. Shock, convulsive seizures (As syndrome), and angina pectoris, acute heart failure. Very rarely, there may be a fast and regular heart rhythm, with a heart rate of 160-220 beats/minute, constant intensity of the first heart sound, and a fine and rapid pulse.  The diagnosis is based on a heart rate of 160-220 beats/min, with a regular rhythm that lasts from a few seconds to several days, independent of position, exercise or emotional excitement.  The ECG shows a heart rate of 160-220 beats/min and a regular or basically regular R-R interval; the morphology of the QRS wave group is the same as that of the QRS wave group in normal sinus rhythm, the QRS time is <0.1 second, and there may be ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion; the morphology of the P wave is different from that of the sinus P wave, or it is located after the QRS wave or overlaps with the T wave, which is not easily recognizable. Clinical electrophysiological examination can determine the site of folding motion during tachycardia.  Treatment principles 1. Treatment during an attack: (1) Stimulation of the vagus nerve to terminate the attack, including compression of the carotid sinus (contraindicated in those with cerebrovascular disease), compression of the eye (contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, deep or high myopia), holding the breath after inspiration, forceful expiratory movements, and stimulation of the throat to cause nausea or vomiting.  (2) Drug therapy: often intravenous verapamil (isoptin), cardioplegia, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), digitalis, etc., but digitalis should be used with caution or disabled in patients with pre-excitation syndrome bypass anterior transmission ventricular (QRS widening).  (3) Synchronized direct current resuscitation: It is indicated when the above methods of treatment are ineffective, but should be used with caution in patients with digitalis overdose or hypokalemia.  (4) Esophageal or right atrial overdrive pacing to terminate tachycardia.  2, radiofrequency ablation therapy: is currently the most effective and complete treatment method, can cure supraventricular tachycardia.  Medication principles 1, occasional attacks, symptoms are not heavy and no organic heart disease patients can be treated without medication.  2, no organic and ophthalmologic patients with seizures can first stimulate the vagus nerve method to make the seizure terminate, ineffective before the use of drug therapy.  3, the more severe symptoms during the seizure first isopodine or cardioplegia intravenous injection, can also be used to terminate the seizure with direct current resuscitation and oesophageal or right atrial overdrive pacing, non-pre-excitation syndrome and with cardiac insufficiency is preferred to cetiran intravenous injection.  4. For patients with frequent episodes, radiofrequency ablation therapy is recommended.