Tuberculosis is a group of diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are four types of tuberculosis bacteria: human, bovine, African and murine. TB in humans is 90% caused by the human type, with a few caused by the bovine and African types, so we can get TB when we drink unsterilized fresh milk! Tuberculosis is also an ancient disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been found in ancient tombs in Egypt and in the tombs of Lady Xinchu of Mawangdui in Changsha, China, which shows that tuberculosis existed in prehistory.
Tuberculosis is divided into five types.
1.Protogenic tuberculosis;
2. Blood-borne tuberculosis;
3. secondary tuberculosis;
4, Tuberculous pleurisy;
5, other extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is divided into pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis according to the site of attack, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common. Extrapulmonary TB includes lymph node TB, intestinal TB, bone TB, and brain TB. Open tuberculosis means that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is found in the patient’s sputum. If Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not found in three consecutive sputum smears and one sputum culture, it is considered bacillus-negative tuberculosis.
Common manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis.
For example, such as coughing and coughing up sputum, coughing up blood, chest pain, shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing.
1, the so-called symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning: afternoon fever, night sweats, weakness, inability to eat, unexplained wasting, etc.
2. Irregular menstruation, insomnia, diarrhea and constipation in women, etc. Of course, the above manifestations do not appear in every patient, but perhaps only a few of them.
The treatment of tuberculosis is a DOTS strategy, and the state gives free medication for tuberculosis, i.e., free basic medication (i.e., plate medication) at the CDC in one’s household. After the development of the drug isoniazid in the mid-1900s, the treatment of tuberculosis has made great progress, but in recent years there has been a resurgence of tuberculosis, especially with the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria making the treatment of tuberculosis very tricky. Commonly used drugs for tuberculosis are isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide tablets, ethambutol, streptomycin, etc. The duration of short course therapy is six months, during which liver and kidney functions and chest X-ray should be tested monthly, because the above drugs can damage human liver and kidney functions, etc. In general, the efficacy of tuberculosis is still certain with regular treatment.
Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis.
1, China’s planned immunization are vaccinated in childhood BCG vaccine, which has a certain protective effect on people.
2, to develop good habits, to ensure adequate sleep and adequate nutrition, and try not to go to places where people gather (especially children).
3.Do not go into the wild arbitrarily, and do not eat game with unknown health conditions.
4.Wear a gauze sanitary mask when in contact with TB patients or suspected TB patients.
5.People with a history of close contact with confirmed open tuberculosis patients can take isoniazid 0.3 grams once a day for 3 months for prophylactic use.
Also the sputum of TB patients should be spit into a lime box or spit on paper and burned directly.