Geriatrics is an important discipline in modern medicine, and cardiovascular disease is one of the diseases with high morbidity and mortality among the elderly. The main risk factors are: 1. Hypertension: Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Available data fully indicate that regardless of gender, regardless of age group, regardless of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, there is a significant positive correlation with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Among the 45-74 year olds who died of cardiovascular disease, 73% of men and 81% of women had some degree of prior hypertension. 2. Hyperlipidemia: Elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) levels are one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Elevated serum TC levels increase the risk of ischemic stroke, while low serum TC levels increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Elevated serum triglyceride levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol has a protective effect on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. 3, overweight and obesity: body mass index reflects the degree of overweight and obesity. World Health Organization regulations: body mass index <18.5 is too low; 18.5 ~ 24.9 for normal weight; 25.0 ~ 29.9 for Ⅰ degree overweight (overweight); 30.0 ~ 39.9 for Ⅱ degree overweight (obese); ≥ 40.0 for Ⅲ degree overweight (morbidly obese). 4, smoking: smoking is the main and independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Data show that the risk of myocardial infarction is significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers; the greater the amount of smoking the higher the risk of myocardial infarction; the risk of myocardial infarction in those who smoke ≥ 20 cigarettes/day is three times higher than in nonsmokers. 5, alcohol consumption: moderate drinking has a protective effect on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, that is, moderate drinkers have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than non-drinkers, but heavy drinking significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. 6, unreasonable diet: the intake of saturated fatty acids can increase the level of serum TC and LDLc, unsaturated fatty acids have a protective effect on the occurrence of coronary heart disease; protein intake is negatively correlated with blood pressure level; dietary sodium intake and sodium/potassium ratio is significantly positive with blood pressure, while potassium intake is significantly negative with blood pressure; calcium intake is inversely correlated with blood pressure. 7, insufficient physical activity: aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, while the lack of physical activity is prone to cardiovascular disease. 8, adverse psychosocial factors: psychological factors are closely related to cardiovascular disease, and social factors are closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Lack of social support and a smaller social network can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. 9, genetic: genetics has a degree of influence on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Many genetic epidemiological studies have shown significant family aggregation of blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, body mass index, etc. Estimates of heritability are higher for lipids, body mass index, blood pressure, and lower for blood glucose. 10.Other: such as diabetes, insulin resistance, estrogen level, homocysteinemia, fibrinogen, coagulation factor VII, infection, oxidized LDL, small dense LDL particles, apolipoprotein, lipoproteinase, etc. have some correlation with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.