In early autumn, the temperature is high, that is, the “autumn tiger” days, some intestinal infectious diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases are prone to high incidence, and may even cause an outbreak of epidemics. In mid-autumn, it is rainy, windy and humid, and children’s bodies are not easily adapted to such weather. In late autumn, the temperature gradually drops, windy and dry, and this is the time of the year when some respiratory infectious diseases are at their peak. In addition, infants and children are vulnerable to intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the prevention and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases in autumn to maintain the health of children.
Today, we will only talk to parents and friends about the common intestinal infectious diseases and their prevention in autumn.
Intestinal infectious diseases are infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the human digestive tract through the mouth and cause a series of human lesions, mainly diarrhea, which is commonly known as “diarrhea”.
There are several common intestinal infectious diseases among children in autumn.
One is cholera. Cholera is caused by the infection of cholera isolates, which is a serious class A intestinal infectious disease. Its incubation period is a few hours to a few days, the main symptoms are sudden painless massive watery diarrhea, occasionally vomiting, can be combined with acute dehydration, acidosis, electrolyte disorders, renal failure and shock. In severe cases, death may occur within hours, and in untreated cases, the mortality rate can reach 50%. If a child is infected with the disease is more serious, the death rate is higher.
Bacterial dysentery. Bacterial dysentery, referred to as bacillary dysentery, is a common intestinal infectious disease caused by Shigella spp. (Bacillus dysenteriae) infection. The incubation period is mostly 12 to 96 hours, and the main symptoms are fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, toxemia, intestinal spasms, and “urgency and severity”. Typically, children may have pus and mucus stools, which can be complicated by hemolytic-uremic syndrome and can even cause death in severe cases. Young children may also have intestinal spasms, such as abdominal pain and crying.
Third, typhoid and paratyphoid fever. The two are acute intestinal infectious diseases caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi respectively, and the main clinical manifestations are retention fever (retention fever is a type of fever, the body temperature is often above 39℃, the range of temperature change between day and night is small, usually the temperature in the morning is lower than that in the afternoon, but the temperature fluctuation within 24 hours does not exceed 1℃, and can last for several days or weeks, the temperature can gradually or suddenly recede), typhoid face, relatively slow pulse, rose rash and hepatosplenomegaly, etc.
Fourth, food poisoning. Food poisoning is an acute toxic illness caused by the consumption of food that is not good for human health. Food poisoning is an acute toxic disease caused by eating food contaminated with bacteria and their toxins, or ingesting plants and animals containing toxins such as poisonous mushrooms. Spoiled food and contaminated water are the main sources of infection, and unclean hands, utensils and flies are the main means of transmission. The vomiting of food poisoning is more obvious, mostly preceded by nausea and vomiting, followed by abdominal cramps and diarrhea, and after vomiting and diarrhea, there is a feeling of improvement of symptoms, which means that food poisoning is generally “vomiting first and then diarrhea”.
Fifth, autumn diarrhea. Autumn diarrhea is one of the most common intestinal infections in children caused by infection with rotavirus, which can be caused by infection through the digestive and respiratory tracts. It occurs mostly in the fall and winter seasons, and in our city it mostly appears in late October and early November and lasts for about a month or two. Once an adult is exposed to this virus and feeds the child something to eat without proper cleanliness and hygiene, or the food itself is unhygienic, it is possible for the virus to enter the child’s body through the mouth.
Infants and children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years are most susceptible to infection. The clinical features are that the onset of the virus is 1 to 3 days after infection, and vomiting is almost always present at the beginning of the illness and lasts for 2 to 3 days. Most children have a fever, with a temperature between 38 and 40°C for 1 to 4 days. The diarrhea appears 2 days after the disease, and the course of the disease is 3-4 days for the extreme stage, with stools more than 10 times a day, or even dozens of times, watery stools or egg-flower soup-like stools, or flowery green or milky white, there may be a small amount of mucus, no pus and blood, no fishy odor. Many children with diarrhea for half a day or a day in a row will show symptoms of dehydration, which should draw special attention of parents.
In order to prevent fall intestinal infections, parents should also do the following
1. Develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands before meals and after stools, and wash your hands more often in general. This may seem like a cliché, and does not cost money, but the prevention of intestinal infectious diseases can really play a significant effect, parents and friends must not ignore Oh.
2, so that children do not drink raw water, do not eat or eat less cold food, food should be cooked and cooked thoroughly before eating. Cooked food should be eaten while it is hot.
3, it is best not to let children eat overnight food or spoiled food, if you want to let children eat overnight food, be sure to thoroughly heated and cooked thoroughly before eating.
4, all cooking utensils and eating utensils at home should be washed and kept dry after use, and should be boiled frequently to disinfect them, especially the dishes used by children.
Parents should make it a good habit to store raw and cooked food separately and to store sterilized and unsterilized utensils separately to prevent cross-contamination.
6.Autumn is the season for intestinal infectious diseases, so parents should not take their children to group meals such as weddings, funerals and celebrations to prevent diarrhea in children.
7, parents should not buy food from roadside stalls for their children to eat.
8.Adequate sleep and rich nutrition can enhance children’s physical strength, which can play a role in preventing infectious diseases. Pay attention to pediatric physical exercise to increase resistance.
Sixth, vaccination. Vaccination through vaccination is an effective means to contain rotavirus diarrhea. At present, only China has developed a live oral rotavirus vaccine. Although rotavirus does not mutate like the influenza virus, the human body’s immunity to it lasts a short time, so the vaccine needs to be taken orally once every year to a year and a half, with a protection rate of 75% to 80%. Parents can decide on the interval of their child’s scheduled immunization, but it is best to give the oral vaccination before the onset of fall, when it starts to take effect two weeks after the vaccination.
Once a child is infected with an intestinal infection, no matter which of the above, parents should immediately take their child to the hospital and not use drugs indiscriminately, especially not to give the child antibiotics for unregulated treatment.
In order for parents to better prevent pediatric intestinal infectious diseases, a jingle is recorded for easy memorization: To keep the stomach and intestines from getting sick, pots and pans should be clean. Wash your hands before and after meals to avoid bringing germs into the mouth. Raw and cooked dishes should be separated from the family, clean it after use. The taste of food should not be salty, to prevent disease on the body entanglement. Do not eat panic to swallow not busy, not cold not hot good gastrointestinal. Not dry and not clean easy to get sick, suffer and spend money but also life.