Many people often see a diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis or chronic superficial gastritis (currently recommended as chronic non-atrophic gastritis, so here is the name for now) on gastroscopy. The first thing that needs to be said is that not all patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis have true chronic gastritis (a personal opinion that many may disagree with), but this is not a fabrication out of thin air. The reasons for this are as follows: 1. Almost all gastroscopies performed are not reported as normal (colonoscopies are reported as no significant abnormalities on colonoscopy if no significant abnormalities are seen), and those that look fine are reported as having chronic gastritis (including chronic superficial gastritis or chronic atrophic gastritis), and even many asymptomatic gastroscopies get such results, which is not natural. Because according to probability theory, although many let you perform gastroscopy because of abdominal discomfort (epigastric pain sensation, acid reflux, heartburn, retrosternal pain, upper not fullness, nausea, vomiting, vomiting blood, black stool, anemia, etc.), there will be some people whose examination should be normal, even if only 5%.2, the real diagnosis of chronic gastritis needs to rely on pathology, which is based on whether the gastric mucosal glands are atrophic, whether there is inflammatory The diagnosis is based on the presence of inflammatory cells infiltrating the gastric mucosa. However, we eat grains and cereals every day, and the stomach, as a cavity organ identical to the outside world, has immune cells in the gastric mucosa to defend against various harmful factors, i.e., inflammatory cells, and no one can distinguish well between inflammatory cells in the normal gastric mucosa and inflammatory cells in the mucosa of chronic gastritis, because it requires differentiation of cell types and more changes in cell numbers, and even many pathologists are not able to judge well.3, At present The country’s situation, many people even in the endoscopic look no big problem also dare not write: “gastroscopy did not see obvious abnormalities”, also chronic gastritis is to protect themselves, and clinicians or to explain the condition to patients. This is actually also a sad! But this is only a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis, a large percentage of people still have more or less of one kind of problem or another, such as erosion, mucosal edema, nodule-like hyperplasia, patchy translucent-like hyperplasia, etc. To be continued …… Zhang Xubin, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Qianfo Mountain Hospital