According to statistics, the incidence of breast cancer in China has become the most common malignant tumor among women, and the number of new breast cancer patients in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and other major cities accounts for 50-60/100,000 of the total population each year, and the age of onset tends to be younger. With the increasing awareness of breast cancer, the early detection rate of breast cancer has increased significantly, and with the improvement of treatment and the application of adjuvant therapy, the survival rate of breast cancer patients has been greatly improved, and the quality of life after surgery has also become more demanding. However, patients with traditional radical breast cancer have missing breasts and even a “scrubby” chest wall deformity, which not only causes physiological defects, but also makes many patients feel inferior to themselves and causes a great psychological burden to young women. Clinical studies have shown that after breast loss, 10% of women are depressed and melancholic; more than 80% of patients have an obvious sense of physical deficiency and feel unbalanced when walking, accompanied by general discomfort: 30% to 50% of patients confess to a relationship crisis. The repair and reconstruction of breast and chest wall for these patients is a dual treatment for their physical and psychological well-being, and there are more mature experiences in Europe and America. In recent years, more and more work has been done in this area in China. With the continuous improvement and perfection of breast cancer treatment technology, the surgical treatment of breast cancer has undergone an evolution from radical surgery, modified radical surgery to breast-conserving surgery. In particular, breast-conserving surgery has been performed so that patients can receive treatment for breast disease while the shape of the breast is ensured as much as possible. The surgical management of the axilla has also evolved from axillary dissection to removal of the anterior lymph nodes. Since its introduction and clinical use in the 1920s, breast-conserving treatment for early-stage breast cancer has achieved the same survival and better local control rates as radical surgery, while minimizing the damage to breast morphology, reducing psychological trauma, and improving quality of life. A number of factors: patient-related, tumor-related, and treatment-related will likely affect breast morphology after breast-conserving surgery. There are still a significant number of patients who have severe deformities in their breast shape and require surgery to repair them. Plastic surgery responds to the patient’s request and provides the appropriate means of repair, ultimately ensuring the original purpose of breast-conserving surgery, reflecting the advantages and necessity of comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer, and moreover the flexible application of plastic surgery principles and techniques in the field of breast surgery. The purpose of modern breast reconstruction is to correct the deformity of the breast and chest wall caused by local treatment of breast cancer, and to give the patient both physical and psychological treatment. The patient’s condition and local management directly influence the timing and choice of the reconstructive approach. From the beginning, the plastic surgeon must be part of the breast cancer treatment team, working closely with oncologic surgeons, medical oncologists, oncologic radiologists, pathologists, nurses and psychologists. The principles of breast reconstruction should be considered in terms of both safety of tumor treatment and cosmetic effect: (1) The technology used for reconstruction will not interfere with the treatment of breast cancer, will not affect the efficacy and prognosis of the treatment, and will not affect the timely detection and retreatment of tumor recurrence. (2) The reconstructed breast should achieve ideal cosmetic and functional results, improve the postoperative body image of breast cancer patients, prevent or reduce psychological trauma, and improve patients’ confidence in life and quality of survival. These two criteria have become the standard for breast reconstruction treatment. However, at present, breast reconstruction cannot achieve the function of having lactation.