According to epidemiological surveys around the world, the prevalence of epilepsy is 4% to 6%. The results of several epidemiological surveys in China show that there are about 4.89 million epileptic patients in the country, with an annual incidence rate of 3.5% to 3.7%, and 37% to 51.8% of patients with onset of disease before the age of 10. The most common type of epilepsy is idiopathic epilepsy, also known as primary epilepsy, which is a group of patients for whom no clear cause can be found using current diagnostic techniques. With the rapid development of new diagnostic techniques, such as cCT, MRI, SPEC, TPET, blood and cerebrospinal fluid media, and amino acids, many so-called idiopathic epilepsies will gradually be found to have a cause. Symptomatic epilepsy, also known as secondary epilepsy, is caused by acute or chronic encephalopathy or organic damage to the brain. Among the currently identified causes of epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of epileptogenesis, followed by congenital disorders, craniocerebral trauma, craniocerebral tumors, degenerative diseases, and infections. The main goal of epilepsy treatment is to completely control seizure symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. Antiepileptic drugs are usually the first step in treatment; however, less than 33% of all patients have complete seizure control with one antiepileptic drug, and the majority of the remaining patients have only 10% to 20% effectiveness with two antiepileptic drugs. Approximately 30% to 40% of all patients have refractory epilepsy, 50% of which are amenable to surgical treatment. In the past decade, with the continuous improvement of preoperative evaluation and surgical techniques, especially the application of microsurgical techniques, the surgical treatment of epilepsy has become safer and more effective, and epilepsy surgery is gradually accepted, and many patients have undergone surgical treatment, such as selective amygdala-hippocampal resection. Traditional epilepsy surgeries such as corpus callosotomy and subcallosotomy still play a large role.