Pre-meal blood glucose is fasting blood glucose, the normal value of fasting blood glucose is 3.9-6.1mmol/L, when fasting blood glucose is greater than 7.0mmol/L can be diagnosed as diabetes, the normal value of post-meal blood glucose is less than 7.8mmol/L, when blood glucose is greater than 11.1mmol/L can be diagnosed as diabetes. However, pre- and post-prandial blood glucose in diabetic patients does not have to be controlled within normal values, and the range can be narrowed and relaxed as appropriate for different complications.
Generally, diabetic patients without other complications can have a pre-meal glucose control of 7.0 mmol/L or less and a post-meal glucose control of 10.0 mmol/L or less.
Patients with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of elevated blood glucose than the average diabetic patient, so the range of blood glucose control for pregnant women should be narrowed to 5.1 mmol/L or less before meals and preferably not more than 8.5 mmol/L after meals, while the range of blood glucose control for older adults can be relaxed as appropriate to 8.0 mmol/L fasting and 12.0 mmol/L postprandial. In addition, it is recommended that the blood glucose in the elderly be controlled within 12.0mmol/L.
In addition to aggressive blood glucose control, patients should be treated with appropriate diet and exercise and daily self-monitoring of blood glucose.