Herpes zoster is an acute infectious skin disease caused primarily by infection with the varicella-zoster virus. A chronic form of neuropathic pain may remain after the healing of the lesions is usually achieved by treatment. Clinically, neuropathic pain that persists for 3 months or more after the herpes zoster has subsided is usually referred to as postherpetic neuralgia. In some patients, it may resolve within a few months with aggressive and effective treatment, but in others it may persist for 1 year or more. The most significant manifestation of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with shingles is pain, so pain relief is one of the goals of treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen may be used for pain, but may only be effective in some patients. And some patients with intolerable pain can use opioids, such as pethidine and codeine, under the guidance of a doctor, but they may produce side effects such as drug dependence, constipation, nausea and vomiting. In addition, pregabalin and gabapentin can be used as prescribed to relieve postherpetic neuralgia. Tricyclic antidepressants are also the first line of treatment for postherpetic neuralgia, which can improve the patient’s anxiety and depression during pain. Moreover, these drugs can also inhibit the spinal neurons that trigger nociception to achieve pain relief. Although there is no specific therapy for postherpetic neuralgia for the time being and the pathogenesis is unknown for the time being, clinical patients who have been diagnosed should also seek medical attention in a regular hospital in a timely manner to choose the most suitable treatment plan for themselves and take comprehensive treatment if necessary, which is beneficial in controlling the development of the disease and preventing its deterioration.