Congenital heart disease refers to local anatomical abnormalities caused by the formation of heart and large blood vessels during embryonic development (within the first 2-3 months of pregnancy), or the failure to close channels that should close automatically after birth (normal in the fetus), except for individual small ventricular septal defects that have a chance to heal themselves before the age of 5, most of which require surgery. Congenital heart disease is very dangerous, if left untreated, it will eventually lead to pulmonary hypertension, heart enlargement and heart failure, etc. Some of them are even complicated by endocarditis, embolism, bleeding, hypertension and ultimately life-threatening. Congenital heart disease is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and other complex relationships. The following factors may affect the development of the fetus and produce congenital malformations: Environmental factors of fetal development (1) Infections, viral or bacterial infections in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially rubella virus, followed by coxsackie virus, have a higher incidence of congenital heart disease in babies born. (2) Other: such as lesions of amniotic membrane, fetal compression, early gestational pre-eclampsia, maternal malnutrition, diabetes, phenylketonuria, hypercalcemia, the application of radiation and cytotoxic drugs in early pregnancy, and the mother’s excessive age all have the potential to cause congenital heart disease in the fetus. Genetic factors Congenital heart disease has a tendency to develop in families to some extent, which may be caused by parental germ cell and chromosomal abnormalities. Genetic studies suggest that most congenital heart disease is formed by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Other Some congenital heart diseases are more frequent in highland areas, and some congenital heart diseases have significant differences in incidence between the sexes, suggesting that altitude and sex of birthplace are also associated with the occurrence of the disease. Clinically, the cause of congenital heart disease can be found in very few patients, but it is of positive significance to prevent congenital heart disease by strengthening health care for pregnant women, especially by actively preventing rubella, influenza and other rubella viral diseases and avoiding all factors related to the onset of the disease in early pregnancy. How can congenital heart disease be judged? There are many types of congenital heart disease, and its clinical manifestations mainly depend on the size and complexity of the malformation. Specifically, its symptomatic manifestations are divided into the following: 1, frequent colds, repeated respiratory infections, susceptible to pneumonia; 2, poor growth and development, wasting, excessive sweating; 3, weak sucking during breastfeeding, breastfeeding difficulties, or infants refuse to eat, choking and coughing, usually shortness of breath; 4, children complain of easy fatigue and poor physical strength; 5, blue lips and nails or bruising after crying or activity, pestle-shaped fingers and toes (nail bed like a hammer bulge ); 6. Preference for squatting, fainting, hemoptysis; 7. Heart murmur found on auscultation.