In previous issues, we have introduced a lot of knowledge related to radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Today, we will introduce another ablation modality, cryoballoon ablation, which is not the only one in the field of atrial fibrillation treatment. Cryo-energy has been used for catheter ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias as early as the 1990s. In recent years, the application of cryoballoon to pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation has been an important technical breakthrough. In contrast to conventional radiofrequency ablation, this technique theoretically allows pulmonary vein isolation to be accomplished in a single step. Moreover, unlike radiofrequency ablation, cryoballoon ablation does not destroy the basic structure of the tissue while ablating it, so the theoretical probability of complications is much lower than the former. However, due to the technical characteristics, cryoballoon ablation is currently mainly used for the ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. At present, hundreds of hospitals abroad have applied cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and about 70% of patients could maintain sinus rhythm after 1 year of postoperative follow-up. In terms of safety, the most common complication of cryoablation is phrenic nerve palsy (PNP), with an incidence of about 6.38%, but most of them can recover on their own. Other rare complications include pericardial compression, stroke, and pulmonary vein stenosis. However, in China, cryoballoon ablation is still in its infancy, and only centers and operators with very mature experience in the ablation treatment of AF are qualified and capable of trying this new technique. However, there is no doubt about its future development, and it will definitely become another safe and reliable treatment option for patients with paroxysmal AF.