What is chronic myeloid leukemia CML? Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm originating from pluripotent stem cells. t(9;22)(q34;q11) is a characteristic chromosomal alteration in chronic myeloid leukemia and leads to the formation of BCR-ABL fusion genes at the molecular level. Clinical manifestations and staging of chronic myeloid leukemia CML: CML starts slowly and its natural course includes asymptomatic, chronic, accelerated and acute phases. The symptoms are mostly non-specific and gradually worsen. The majority of patients are in the chronic phase at the onset of the disease. Patients may be seen for signs and symptoms of excessive hematopoiesis, such as fatigue, malaise, lack of appetite, low-grade fever, excessive sweating, weight loss, upper abdominal discomfort, and splenomegaly. The symptoms of bleeding, embolism, and leukemic cell growth are occasionally seen. 10% to 30% of patients are detected by regular physical examination before the onset of symptoms, and about 10% of patients are in the accelerated or acute phase at the time of disease onset. How is chronic myelogenous leukemia CML treated? Currently, pharmaceutical treatments include: 1) chemotherapy (chemotherapy): leucovorin, hydroxyurea; 2) a-interferon therapy; 3) hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice in the acute/accelerated phase of CML, and is also an important treatment option for young patients in the chronic phase of CML; 4) targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Compared with conventional therapy, targeted therapy has excellent efficacy, a median survival of up to 19 years, good safety profile, and is easily tolerated by patients.