Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when lung air bubbles rupture, compressing the lung tissue causing difficulty in breathing or even tension pneumothorax, and patients can achieve a cure after surgical treatment, which usually does not affect their life expectancy. Pulmonary air bubbles are caused by inflammation of the tiny bronchi in the lungs, resulting in mucosal edema causing partial ductal obstruction, making it difficult to expel air after it enters the alveoli, causing an increase in intra-alveolar pressure and rupture of the alveolar septum to form a large air-containing cavity. The treatment of pulmonary air bubble rupture is based on anti-inflammation and exhaustion. After the patient’s condition is stabilized, surgery can be chosen to remove the diseased lung tissue; minimally invasive methods of alveolar repair can also be used, and patients can usually achieve a cure with less impact on survival. Patients with ruptured lung bubbles are advised to take more rest in daily life and avoid spicy, greasy and cold foods to prevent aggravation of the disease.