Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the common clinical arrhythmias, and its incidence is getting higher and higher. It is expected that by 2045, the number of people with AF in China will reach 43 million. A large number of studies have found that atrial fibrillation is an important causative factor for ischemic stroke and other thromboembolic diseases, so appropriate anticoagulation therapy is very important for patients with atrial fibrillation. 2010 ESC guidelines for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation therapy has risen to the first place of the three major therapeutic strategies, which has highlighted the central position of anticoagulation. Now, we would like to make a brief introduction on the recent situation of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. 1, atrial fibrillation stroke risk stratification more detailed, comprehensive The traditional risk stratification method, that is, CHADS2 scoring program is a simple, easy to remember to assess the risk of stroke program. It lists heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus (1 point each), and stroke (2 points) as risk factors, stating that any patient with a CHADS2 score ≥2 should be treated with oral anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist (e.g., warfarin). And further, those with a score of 0 were categorized as low risk, 1-2 as intermediate risk, and >2 as high risk. However, clinical trials [2] have found that patients with a CHADS2 score of 0 are not truly low risk, and that they are also at substantial risk of thromboembolic events. For this reason the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation [1] introduced a new risk stratification assessment scheme, the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Unlike the previous scheme, the new scheme emphasizes the risk of stroke as a continuous variable, and further divides the risk factors into 2 major risk factors and 6 clinically relevant non-major risk factors, with the addition of three new risk factors, vascular disease, age 65-74 years and female gender (1 point each), and the age of ≥75 years was upgraded from 1 to 2 points, and the maximum point score was raised from the original 6 to 9, but the criteria for the use of specific anticoagulant drugs remained the same. The point criteria for the use of specific anticoagulants remained the same (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 points). Clearly, according to the new stroke risk stratification scheme, anticoagulation therapy is strengthened and the range of indications will be more comprehensive. However, as only one study [3] has used the latest CHA2DS2-VASc score to predict stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, its accuracy needs to be further verified.