Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia, mostly seen in rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, various heart & can occur. Clinically, in addition to ECG-specific changes, it is manifested by a rhythm larger than the pulse and absolute arrhythmia. Patients often present to the clinic with severe palpitations and discomfort. According to the experts, the rate of thromboembolism caused by atrial fibrillation is 3%-8%, of which the most serious harm is stroke, and the prevalence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation in China is 17-5%, and the incidence of stroke in the senior population is 4.5 times higher than that of patients with atrial fibrillation in other age groups. Therefore, we must pay attention to atrial fibrillation. For this reason it is important to learn more about it. Feng Baolin, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, No.2 People’s Hospital of Neihuang, Henan Province, China I Risk classification of atrial fibrillation and antithrombotic therapy The current risk classification of atrial fibrillation is based on the assessment of the patient’s age, whether or not hypertension and diabetes are combined, and whether or not there is a history of stroke, and patients with atrial fibrillation can be classified as high, intermediate, or low risk. The risk level is different and so are the prevention and treatment measures. High-risk factors for stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation include a history of previous thromboembolism, rheumatic mitral valve M stenosis, and post-valve replacement; intermediate-risk factors include age >75 years, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus; and unproven risk factors include age 65-74 years, female, coronary artery disease, and thyroid disease. Patients with any of the high-risk factors or ≥2 intermediate risk factors for atrial fibrillation should be selected for warfarin anticoagulation; those with 1 intermediate risk factor or ≥1 unproven risk factor can be treated with aspirin or warfarin; for patients with atrial fibrillation without risk factors for stroke, aspirin is recommended for stroke prevention. The application of warfarin in elderly patients is controversial, as they have a higher bleeding rate than younger patients and should be alerted to the risk of bleeding. II Current countermeasures for atrial fibrillation Occasional or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with mild symptoms can be controlled by routine application of ß-blockers. In hemodynamically stable patients, regardless of the duration of atrial fibrillation, the main focus should be on controlling the ventricular rate by slowing down the faster ventricular rate to less than 100 beats/min, preferably maintaining it between 70 and 90 beats/min. If ß-blocker therapy is ineffective and symptoms are severe, antiarrhythmic drugs may be used. If there is no organic heart disease, the commonly used drug is cardioplegia; if the patient has cardiac insufficiency or coronary artery disease, amiodarone is commonly used. Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation is not effective for antiarrhythmic drugs, and patients with severe symptoms should choose catheter ablation, especially for those without serious organic heart disease. However, in the field of radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation, there are problems such as high recurrence rate, many complications, diverse ablation strategies, and unsatisfactory treatment effect on persistent atrial fibrillation, but the development trend of radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation is healthy and is one of the ways to solve atrial fibrillation at present. IV The problem of resuscitation of atrial fibrillation For hemodynamically stable patients, if pharmacological control of ventricular rate is unsatisfactory, or if the target heart rate is achieved but the patient’s symptoms are still obvious, resuscitation therapy can also be considered. Resuscitation therapy includes pharmacological and electrical resuscitation. Current medications used to pace atrial fibrillation include fibrate, ibrit, flecainide, propafenone, and quinidine. Clinical applications of amiodarone and propafenone are more common. Patients with cardiac instability without contraindications should be immediately resuscitated with synchronized direct current. Ventricular rate control remains the main focus in unsuccessful resuscitations. In conclusion, the pain caused by atrial fibrillation is mostly palpitations, which can be easily ignored and delay treatment, resulting in serious consequences. Therefore, it is important to enhance the education of these patients to make them pay attention to atrial fibrillation.