What tests are done to confirm the diagnosis of urinary distress caused by bladder stones?

Bladder stones are stones that form in the bladder and it can be divided into primary bladder stones and secondary bladder stones. Common symptoms include: urinary distress, suprapubic pain, cystine storage, acute urinary retention, severe pain, urethral stones, urinary urgency, interrupted urinary flow, and urinary frequency. Causes: In addition to malnutrition, lower urinary tract obstruction, infection, bladder foreign body, metabolic diseases can be secondary to bladder stones, lower urinary tract obstruction such as prostatic hyperplasia, urethral stricture, bladder neck tumor, etc., are easy to induce bladder stone formation due to urinary retention, bladder foreign body such as catheter, sutures, etc., can be used as the core, secondary to bladder stone formation, in addition, in Egypt schistosomiasis endemic areas, seen as bladder stones with worm eggs as the core. There are no specific laboratory tests for bladder stones. Protein, leukocytes and red blood cells may be present in the urine, and urine culture may be positive if accompanied by infection, and urine redbloodcell (RBC) may increase after activity. Ultrasound is easy and effective to diagnose bladder stones. Stones appear as a special acoustic shadow and move with body position. X-ray examination requires a full abdominal plain film to understand the size, location, number and shape of stones. Cystoscopy is the most reliable way to diagnose bladder stones, not only to confirm the diagnosis of stones but also to detect other problems such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder diverticulum, and cancer.