In recent years, due to the deterioration of air pollution and ecological environment in China and the world, the incidence of bronchial asthma in children has increased significantly, and there are large individual differences in its clinical manifestations, so it can be divided into typical, atypical and special types according to its clinical manifestations, of which cough variant asthma is the most common type of atypical asthma, which is often misdiagnosed clinically as bronchitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infection, trachea It is often misdiagnosed clinically as bronchitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, airways, tuberculosis and other diseases, resulting in delays in the early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric asthma. Cough variant asthma in children is a special type of bronchial asthma, which often does not have typical clinical features of bronchial asthma such as episodes of cough, chest tightness, breath-holding or shortness of breath, but mainly presents with persistent or recurrent coughing attacks for more than a month, often with obvious attacks at night, especially in the latter half of the night or early morning, with a predominantly dry cough, little sputum, aggravated by exercise, no clinical symptoms of infection, no obvious positive signs on physical examination, and after prolonged antibiotic treatment. The cough can be relieved by bronchodilators. Careful questioning reveals that many of these children suffered from eczema or “ringworm” during infancy and childhood, and in addition to a persistent cough that is difficult to cure, they often rub their nose and/or eyes, and some even have recurrent runny nose and sneezing. Careful questioning may also reveal a family history of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, dermatitis, drug or food allergies, and motion sickness. Clinically, cough variant asthma is often treated with antibiotics as a bacterial infection because the diagnosis is unclear, and the application of antibiotics escalates because of unsatisfactory treatment results, thus not only affecting the physical and mental health of the child, but also imposing a heavy economic burden on parents. In fact, the pathogenesis of cough variant asthma is the same as that of asthma, with chronic allergic inflammation of the airways and airway hyperresponsiveness, so the principles of treatment should be the same as those of asthma, and better results can be achieved if long-term controlled drugs are applied – inhaled hormone therapy or anti-allergic treatment with leukotriene receptor antagonists. In addition to medication, children with cough variant asthma should also be aware of the following preventive measures: 1. Actively look for allergens. Carefully observe what allergens exist before each coughing attack, identify them, and avoid them to prevent re-exposure. 2. Avoid triggers. There are three possible triggers for cough variant asthma attacks: (1) Climate change and cold air irritation are the main triggers. Children with cold-induced coughing should wear warm clothes and a mask when they go out early in the morning in winter; (2) coughing worsens after exercise, so try to avoid strenuous exercise or inhalation of fast-acting antispasmodic drugs before exercising; (3) emotional excitement and crying can also trigger coughing attacks, so try to maintain emotional stability. 3. Enhance the immune function of the body. The essence of cough variant asthma is still asthma, and asthma is an allergic disease that often produces allergic inflammation due to abnormal immune function, so attention should be paid to improving and enhancing the body’s immune function. Most of the cough variant asthma is the initial stage of bronchial asthma, so early diagnosis and timely treatment are needed to effectively avoid further damage to the respiratory tract, leading to deterioration or development of typical bronchial asthma.