Currently, infertility has become a widespread human problem worldwide, with serious implications for public health and life. The global incidence of infertility in fertile couples is about 15-20%, and the total number of patients has exceeded 50 million, among which ovulatory dysfunction is most common in women of reproductive age. AMH reflects ovarian reserve function. Women ovulate about 400 oocytes during their lifetime, and the number and quality of follicles usually decreases with age. Age is the most commonly used indicator to assess ovarian reserve. In older women, the number of oocytes decreases and the quality of oocytes decreases, but age does not represent the true state of ovarian function. In recent years, it has become very popular to assess ovarian reserve more accurately with the help of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements, especially in the population of adolescent and young women, and to provide them with timely fertility guidance. AMH is secreted by the granular layer cells of small ovarian follicles, is relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle, reflects the trend of ovarian reserve in a timely manner, is not affected by the menstrual cycle or hormonal medications, and generates accurate and reliable standardized results to assess ovarian reserve function instantly; in terms of sensitivity, it can reflect changes in ovarian reserve function earlier. Therefore, AMH is currently the most ideal biomarker for predicting ovarian response and assessing ovarian reserve function. Correlation between AMH and age Age is the most important factor affecting AMH secretion. Based on AMH levels, women can be divided into four stages from birth to aging: 1. Childhood (0-10 years old): primordial follicular reserve increases significantly, with a mean AMH value of 3.09±2.91 mg/L, and increases with age; 2. Adolescence (11-18 years old): ovarian reserve reaches its peak, with a mean AMH value of 5.02 mg/L. The mean AMH value was 5.02±3.35 mg/L; 3. Reproductive age (after 18 years): the ovarian reserve started to decline, the mean AMH value was 2.95±2.50 mg/L and decreased with age; 4. Depletion (after 50 years): the mean AMH value was 0.22±0.36 mg/L and no longer correlated with age. AMH level can respond to ovarian reserve status and has the advantages of being convenient, accurate and reliable, which is used to guide fertility physicians to formulate a reasonable ovulation promotion drug regimen
It is of clinical importance to guide fertility physicians to formulate appropriate ovulation regimens to obtain high quality and appropriate number of eggs, to reduce ovarian hyperstimulation and poor ovarian response, to reduce cycle cancellation rate, to increase the success rate of IVF-ET and to improve its prognosis.