Primary trigeminal neuralgia, referred to as trigeminal neuralgia, may be a transient recurrent severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches) associated with microvascular compression of the trigeminal nerve root leading to demyelination of the nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia is more common in adults and the elderly, with 70-80% of patients over 40 years of age, and more women than men. Trigeminal neuralgia is more common in the maxillary and mandibular branches, and the onset of the attack is characterized by severe electric shock-like, pinprick-like, cutting or tearing pain in the cheek, upper and lower jaw and tongue, which lasts for a few seconds or 1-2 minutes, and stops suddenly, with completely normal intervals. The patient’s pain is cyclical, the attack can be a few days, weeks or months, the period of remission as normal. With the prolongation of the disease, the number of episodes gradually increases, the duration of the episodes is prolonged, the intervals are shortened, and even for the persistent episodes, and rarely self-healing. The corners of the patient’s mouth, nose, cheeks or tongue are sensitive areas that can be triggered by light touch, known as trigger points or trigger points. Neurological physical examination generally has no positive signs, and patients mainly show that they are afraid to wash their face, brush their teeth, or eat due to fear of pain, poor facial and oral hygiene, emaciation, and depressed mood. The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia includes medication, closed treatment and surgery, etc., of which medication is preferred, and other therapies are used when it is ineffective or ineffective. To summarize, trigeminal neuralgia is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by transient recurrent severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve in the face, and the patients should choose the appropriate treatment under the guidance of neurologists.