Urological stone disease is a common disease in urology, and China is is one of the three major stone prevalence areas in the world. Statistics show that patients with various urinary stones, including kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones and urethral stones, account for 26% of the total number of urological patients. With the development of medical science and technology, there has been great progress in the treatment of urinary stones, and some series of advanced treatment technologies such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy and laser lithotripsy have emerged one after another, and laser lithotripsy has become a lithotripsy technology far superior to other lithotripsy means. 1.What is laser lithotripsy? Laser lithotripsy is an in vivo lithotripsy technique, the basic feature of which is to send a laser source into the location of stones in the body and crush them by powerful laser energy. Therefore, in the field of laser lithotripsy, there are different ways of entering the body, such as transurethral cystoscopic laser lithotripsy, transurethral ureteroscopic (flexible or rigid) laser lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithoscopic laser lithotripsy and laparoscopic laser lithotripsy, etc. Each lithotripsy technique has its own characteristics and indications and is widely used in clinical practice. Laser lithotripsy has the advantages of being suitable for stones of any composition, short time, accurate and safe, short hospital stay, fast recovery and low cost. 2.Advantages of laser lithotripsy Highlight 1: High efficiency Holmium laser mainly uses the photothermal effect on the stone to produce bubble cavitation and break up the stone rapidly. The neodymium laser emits a “double pulse” combined laser, that is, two different pulses are combined together at the same time, and part of the green wavelength in the laser pulse reacts with the original material on the surface of the stone, which is called the “black absorber” and can absorb a large amount of The high energy infrared pulses will be absorbed, causing the stone to have a “disintegration effect” and greatly improving the efficiency of stone fragmentation. Highlight 2: Accuracy Clear vision, accurate positioning, and simultaneous examination and treatment under the monitor. Laser lithotripsy is an intracavitary lithotripsy technique that can treat many stones that cannot be treated with other instruments by means of a flexible laser fiber with a bending diameter of 10 mm. The laser beam can also be “chased” all the way to the stone. In addition, some optical fibers have an emitting guide laser that refuses to work once the stone is not visible. The laser is instantly converted into a huge amount of energy, which is directed between the end of the fiber and the stone, and the stone is instantly disintegrated. In general, an egg-sized stone will be reduced to powder in about 5 minutes after encountering the neodymium laser. The penetration of Holmium laser is shallow, only 0.14mm, so it is not easy to damage the surrounding tissues and deep tissues, so it is safe and reliable. The pulse width of the neodymium laser is only 1.2 microseconds, which is the shortest among similar laser products, while the peak power of the pulse obtained is the highest, reaching 100 kW. The neodymium laser is non-burning and only effective on stones. The soft tissue around the stones will not absorb the neodymium laser at all, so it will not cause thermal scorching and critical thermal damage to the treatment area, which makes the complications of the procedure almost zero and greatly reduces the pain of the patients. The conventional lithotripsy system can easily cause damage to other normal tissues during lithotripsy, such as hematuria, renal colic, urinary tract obstruction, renal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, skin damage, etc. Some patients with poor cardiac function may even suffer cardiac arrest. This is why patients affectionately refer to the laser as “lithotripsy without injury”. Highlight 5: Clean Laser lithotripsy is short and efficient, and even hard and stubborn stones that have been formed for years can be reduced to powder by laser light. The laser treatment system is able to break stones into powder form smaller than 2mm, even those with shiny and hard surfaces, unlike previously studied lithotripsy systems that are overwhelmed when encountering some high hardness stones. This split will therefore bring the requirements for clinical lithotripsy system applications to a new standard. Highlight 6: Easy expulsion Many patients who have undergone conventional lithotripsy have had a long and painful period of stone expulsion in which they had to take herbs, drink a lot of water, and move and bounce a lot to induce stone expulsion. Even then, it is still unknown whether the broken stones will be expelled. The laser lithotripsy and stone removal are almost simultaneous, because the lithotripsy is clean and the powder is small and easily discharged. The majority of patients can discharge the powder of stones by themselves after the operation, and the recovery is painless and quick, and the patients can be discharged after two or three days of postoperative observation.