(1) Increase fluid intake: The recommended daily fluid intake is 2.5 to 3.0L or more, so that the daily urine volume is maintained at 2.0 to 2.5L or more. It is recommended that patients with urolithiasis measure the specific gravity of urine at home by themselves so that the specific gravity of urine is less than 1.010 is appropriate to achieve and maintain a reliable dilution of urine. Excessive consumption of caffeine, black tea, grape juice, apple juice and Coca Cola should be avoided. Drinking more orange juice, sour fruit vine juice and lemonade is recommended. ( 2) Dietary regulation: Maintain a comprehensive balance of dietary nutrients, with emphasis on avoiding excessive intake of one of these nutrients. 1) Dietary calcium content: It is recommended to consume more dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt, etc.), tofu and small fish. The daily intake of calcium for adults should be 800 to 1000mg (20 to 25mmol). A low-calcium diet is recommended for patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and a calcium-restricted diet is not recommended for other patients. 2) Limit dietary oxalic acid intake in patients with calcium oxalate stones, especially in patients with hyperoxaluria, should avoid foods rich in oxalic acid such as kale, almonds, peanuts, beets, parsley, spinach, rhubarb, black tea and cocoa powder. Among them, spinach has the highest content of oxalic acid, and patients with calcium oxalate stones should pay more attention to avoid eating spinach. 3) Limit sodium intake: A high sodium diet will increase urinary calcium excretion. 4) Limit excessive protein intake: A nutritionally balanced diet is recommended, and it is important to maintain a balanced diet of 3 meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner. Avoid excessive intake of animal protein, which should be limited to 150g per day. Among them, patients with recurrent stones should not consume more than 80g of protein per day. 5) Reduce body weight: maintain the body mass index (BMI) of patients with urinary stones between 11 and 18. 6)Increase the intake of fruits and vegetables: increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables can prevent the recurrence of stones in patients with hypocitraturia. 7)Increase coarse grains and fiber diet: rice bran can reduce urinary calcium excretion and decrease the recurrence of urinary stones. 8) Reduce the intake of vitamin C. Patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stones are advised to avoid high doses of vitamin C. It is recommended that their daily intake of vitamin C should not exceed 1.0 g. 9) Restrict a high purine diet: daily intake of purine in food should be less than 500 mg. purine-rich foods include: animal offal (liver and kidney), poultry skin, herring with skin, sardines, anchovies, etc. (3) Prophylactic treatment: Although there are many types of drugs used for the prophylactic treatment of calcium-containing stones, the only ones that have been shown to be effective are alkaline citrate, thiazide diuretics and allopurinol. 1) Thiazide diuretics: Thiazide diuretics (e.g., benfotiamine, trichlorothiazole, hydrochlorothiazide, and indapamide) can reduce urinary calcium levels in patients with normal urinary calcium of 25 mg of dihydroketonuria twice daily or 4 mg/d of trichlorothiazole. Although alkaline citrate is most indicated for patients with stones with hypocitraturia, it is thought that its indications may be extended to all types of calcium-containing stones. The usual dose is 1-2 g of sodium potassium hydrogen citrate (Yolite) 3 times/d, 1-2 g of potassium citrate or 3 g of sodium potassium citrate 2-3 times/d. 5) Allopurinol: Allopurinol can reduce urate production, lower serum urate concentration and reduce urinary urate excretion. In addition, allopurinol can also reduce urinary oxalate excretion. Recommended allopurinol for the prevention of uric acid stones and calcium oxalate stones with hyperuricuria patients, the usage is 100mg, 3 times a day, or 300mg, once a day. 6) magnesium agent: magnesium by combining with oxalate and reduce the supersaturation of calcium oxalate, thus inhibiting the formation of calcium-containing urinary tract stones. Supplementary magnesium in the promotion of urinary magnesium increase at the same time, can increase the content of urinary citrate, and improve the pH of urine. Therefore, magnesium is effective in reducing the recurrence of calcium oxalate stones. It is indicated for patients with calcium oxalate stones with or without hypomagnesuria. Because calcium-containing stone patients with hypomagnesuria are not many (<4%), therefore, in addition to citrate, it is not recommended that other magnesium salts alone for the prevention of recurrence of calcium-containing urinary tract stones. 7)Glucosamine: Glucosamine can inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate stones and is suitable for the treatment of recurrent calcium oxalate stones, but there is a lack of basis for the application of synthetic or semi-synthetic glucosamine for the prevention of recurrence of calcium-containing urinary tract stones. 8) Vitamin B6: Vitamin B6 is one of the coenzymes in the metabolism of oxalic acid in the body, and deficiency of the vitamin in the body can cause an increased excretion of oxalic acid. Large doses of vitamin B6 (300-5.0mg/d) have a therapeutic effect on patients with primary hyperoxaluria. Vitamin B6 is mainly used in patients with mild hyperoxaluria and primary hyperoxaluria. 9) Chinese herbs: Chinese herbs that are considered to have a certain preventive effect on calcium-containing stones include zedoary, fatty sea, money grass, corn husk and plantain core. However, there is a lack of reports on clinical efficacy observation.