The most common thing that affects patients’ quality of life in advanced malignant tumor is pain, so how should cancer pain be treated? This refers to the so-called “three-stage analgesic ladder treatment for advanced cancer pain”, which means that after making a correct assessment of the nature and causes of cancer pain, patients should choose the appropriate analgesic drugs according to the degree and causes of pain, i.e. patients with mild pain should mainly use antipyretic and analgesic drugs, if the pain is moderate, weak opioids should be used, and if the pain is severe, strong opioids should be used. If the pain is moderate, weak opioids should be used; if the pain is severe, strong opioids should be used. The main principles of three-step treatment for advanced cancer pain 1. Oral administration Firstly, choose the oral route of administration, and avoid traumatic route of administration as far as possible in clinical practice, so that patients can take it for a long time. 2.Timely drug administration should be given regularly on time (q3-6h) instead of on demand – for example, only when the pain is present. 3.Medication should be administered in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the three-step treatment principle for advanced cancer pain, starting from the first step. 4. Individualize the medication and pay special attention to the actual efficacy of specific patients. The drugs recommended in accordance with the three-stage pain relief ladder treatment principles for cancer patients are mainly analgesics and adjuvant drugs: 1. (2) Narcotic analgesics: weak opioids – tramadol and codeine, etc. are represented, and there are immediate release tablets, extended release tablets, injections or capsules and other types. They are mainly used for moderate pain treatment in clinical practice. Strong opioids – represented by fentanyl and morphine, etc., are available in injectable, patch and other types. Clinically used for severe pain treatment. 2, adjuvant drugs (1) neuroleptic and antidepressant drugs: Valium, haloperidol, amitriptyline, doxorubicin, etc. are represented. (2) Hormones, vitamins: vitamin B, C or dexamethasone, long-acting preparations of hormones, etc. (3) Special drugs: local anesthetics (lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, etc.) and corrosive drugs (anhydrous ethanol, phenol glycerin, etc.). (1) Treatment of special types of pain: such as moderate pain or severe neuropathic pain; (2) Improvement of concomitant symptoms that usually occur in cancer pain patients: such as obvious depression or anxiety; (3) Increase the analgesic effect of the main drugs or reduce side effects; (4) Adjuvant drugs cannot be given routinely and should be determined according to the specific conditions of patients. 1.Master the time of starting analgesic drugs, as long as the patient reports pain, it should be treated; 2.Pay attention to the treatment of different patients and different pains: adjust the drug type and dose in a timely manner according to the three-step treatment principle, so as to maximize its clinical efficacy while minimizing side effects; 3.Rational route of drug administration: oral administration is preferred according to the specific conditions of the patient; 4.Prevention and treatment of pain Prevention and treatment of tolerance: pay attention to finding effective formulas, timely change of dosage forms and avoid overdue use; 5. Update the concept of medical and nursing staff: fully understand the pain level and psychological state of patients, use analgesic drugs early and in sufficient quantity, and overcome the traditional concept of “limiting the use of narcotic analgesic drugs” in the treatment of advanced cancer pain; 6. Strengthen the monitoring of narcotic drugs: we must strengthen the monitoring of narcotic analgesic drugs and keep abreast of the harmful side effects and clinical over-range application. Fourth, the “three-step external” therapy for cancer pain The three-step treatment for advanced cancer pain has been able to effectively relieve pain and improve the quality of survival for more than one patient in clinical practice, but there are still some patients with advanced cancer pain who cannot effectively relieve pain, cannot tolerate the side effects of drugs or have poor efficacy because of pain recurrence, so the application of three-step external therapy is very necessary. The application of three-step external therapy is very necessary. 1.Intravertebral and intracerebroventricular drug injection Intravertebral drug injection is one of the main methods currently used to treat cancer pain in China, including epidural cavity drug injection and subarachnoid or intracerebroventricular drug injection, which has exact effect and high technical requirements, but due to low cost, it is currently used more often in China. Clinical attention must be paid to aseptic technique, standardized operation and pain care to prevent complications. It is best to have the operation carried out by the specialist physicians of anesthesiology and pain department to ensure safety. Nerve block or blocking technique includes nerve trunk, nerve plexus, ganglion and nerve root injection and other multi-site treatment methods, which is also the most common and practical method. It is best to be operated by experienced specialists to ensure safety. PCA is the abbreviation of “PATIENT CONTROLLED ANALGESIA”, which is a new type of pain relief technology developed in the past 20 years, and its biggest feature is that it allows patients to try to control their own pain for the first time. It replaces the traditional one-time oral, intramuscular or sedative medication with small doses, which can meet the individual requirements for pain medication more objectively, and not only perfects the analgesic effect, but also overcomes the shortcomings of untimely medication, slow onset, incomplete analgesia and obvious side effects. It enables patients to face pain actively so that a series of vicious cycles in the body caused by fear of pain can be suppressed or lifted. It not only improves the patient’s mood, but also enhances his ability to resist disease and pain, which can achieve the function of avoiding complications and promoting the body’s recovery.