Cough is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory diseases in children. The clinical causes of cough are complex. Chronic cough is a persistent cough that lasts for more than four weeks and affects the child’s physical and mental health and school life, and imposes an additional economic burden on parents and society. Chronic cough is only a symptom and the principle of management is to identify and treat the cause. Parents should not take it for granted that their child should be given antibiotics, but should actively and reasonably use the medication under the guidance of a doctor, and observe and follow up regularly. Chronic cough in children is only one clinical manifestation and may be associated with a variety of diseases: 1. Cough caused by respiratory infections, especially mycoplasma infections. Children with a clear history of respiratory infection at the onset have an irritating dry cough or a small amount of white mucous sputum, which usually improves on its own within 8 weeks. There are also children whose cough symptoms last for a long time, but are actually recurrent colds that are sometimes mild and sometimes severe, which are related to a certain degree of immune deficiency. 2. Various rhinitis (allergic and non-allergic), sinusitis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, nasal polyps, adenoid hypertrophy and other upper airway diseases can cause chronic cough. 3. Allergic cough or cough variant asthma. This type of cough is often accompanied by allergies, often strikes at night and/or early in the morning, worsens after exercise and cold air, and is ineffective after prolonged antibiotic treatment. 3. Other, younger children may have congenital malformations of the respiratory tract or vascular development that lead to recurrent coughing and wheezing. Some children also have gastroesophageal reflux, where gastric juices reflux after eating and irritate the pharynx. Or they may inadvertently inhale a foreign body, causing paroxysms of violent choking and coughing. Parents need to be clear that short-term coughs within 4 weeks, especially those secondary to respiratory infections, can heal spontaneously, while most long-term or recurrent coughs have their own pathological factors and should seek consultation and treatment for the cause.