Tumor is a kind of common and frequent diseases, among which malignant tumor is one of the most serious diseases endangering human health at present. In China, with the aging of population, the incidence and mortality of tumor have increased. At present, the combination of Chinese and Western medicine for tumor treatment is the most effective comprehensive treatment plan for tumor, and it is also a tumor treatment method with Chinese characteristics. The occurrence of tumor is a multifactorial and multi-stage process, and anti-tumor drugs are also necessarily the result of multi-link and multi-target action. For most tumors, any single method or single drug cannot cure the tumor, and a comprehensive research strategy must be adopted. Western medicine has exact efficacy in tumor treatment. The mechanism of action of chemical drugs is often clearer, with stronger ability to kill tumor cells and better recent efficacy, but the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy limit their effective clinical application. However, the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy limit their effective clinical application. One treatment plan alone cannot effectively improve the cure rate, prolong survival and improve the quality of life. Chinese medicine has a long history of research on tumors. The earliest medical monograph in China, Nei Jing, explains the etiology of tumor as “Ying and Wei are not passable”, “Cold Qi is guest outside of the intestine and is in contact with Wei Qi”, “discomfort of joy and anger, cold and dampness from time to time, the evil Qi wins and the accumulation has stayed “, and “the spleen pulse is slightly urgent, for the diaphragm in, food and drink into and also out after wo foam”, “the lower diaphragm, food spit when it is out”. The text describes the reaction after eating, today, the former is very much like esophageal cancer, and the latter is very much like gastric sinus cancer. According to Chinese medicine, tumor is a series of pathological changes such as imbalance of yin and yang, imbalance of internal organs, disharmony of qi and blood, obstruction of meridians, and deficiency of positive qi, which will cause qi stagnation, blood stasis, dampness, phlegm coagulation, heat toxicity, and deficiency, etc. All of these can occur separately or intertwine, and the meridians are obstructed, and the qi is lost, which will gradually become a mass after gathering for a long time. Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of tumors, but due to the limitation of historical conditions, there is no independent division of tumor diagnosis and treatment, thus lacking complete and systematic tumor monographs, but there is abundant information about the treatment of tumors in various medical books. Under the guidance of the principles of supporting the righteous and eliminating the evil, adjusting yin and yang, treating the three causes and using multiple methods, the treatment methods of tumors have been enriched and enriched. Especially in recent decades, due to the advantages of Chinese medicine, such as convenient extraction, low price and low toxic side effects, the research on the mechanism of anti-tumor of Chinese medicine and its active ingredients has become a hot spot of medical research today. Chinese medicine and its active ingredients prevent and treat tumors through multi-target, multi-path and multi-link. Chinese medicines regulate the immunity of tumor patients by enhancing and suppressing the immune response to achieve the purpose of inhibiting tumor growth. Some Chinese medicines not only act on one immune link, but also on multiple immune links. Enhancing the immune function makes the patient’s resistance stronger and helps stabilize the disease. Activating the immune system can directly kill tumor cells and inhibit humoral immunity, which can reduce the production of antigen-antibody immune complexes. It can also treat tumors by inhibiting tumor blood vessel growth, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inducing tumor cell differentiation, and reversing tumor cell multi-drug resistance. Chinese medicine used together with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has the effect of reducing the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and can also increase the efficacy, improve the tumor suppression rate and increase the survival rate. Most of the Chinese medicines are administered in the form of compound prescriptions, the composition of which is based on the principle of “ruler, minister, adjuvant and ambassador” in Chinese medicine theory. The four components work together to be effective, and the absence of one decreases the effectiveness or toxicity. A complex Chinese medicine compound can be broken down into each clear component, i.e., a single drug and its chemical composition, but a compound formula is not a mechanical combination of these components, but a complex organic system. The whole formula is not equal to the mechanical sum of single drugs in terms of both composition and potency. A natural botanical medicine generally contains more than 100 compounds, and the composition of commonly used prescriptions is usually around a dozen flavors, and the content of different compounds varies widely, and some compounds may also have very low active ingredients, sufficient system size thus creating complexity. The diversity and variability of the composition of prescriptions and herbal medicines cause the diversity and variability of the interrelationship between components. Therefore, to understand the pharmacodynamic effects of herbal compounding, we cannot limit ourselves to the overall compounding, but should deeply analyze the roles of various elements within the compound and their interrelationships; nor should we limit ourselves to the external performance of the compound to recognize the intrinsic material basis that determines these pharmacodynamic properties by combining the pharmacodynamic and compositional analysis of the constituent components, so that we can deeply and comprehensively grasp the material basis and mechanism of action of the pharmacodynamic effects of the compounded drugs. From simple pharmacodynamic research, the development to the mechanism of action, the composition of the formula, the law of combination of comprehensive research. Linking the most cutting-edge and hot research in life science with TCM is the necessary way to modernize TCM scientifically. Under the guidance of TCM theory, we use modern science and technology such as molecular biology, cell biology, pharmacology, combinatorial chemistry, etc. to develop genomics, chemomics and proteomics of TCM, to deeply study the material basis and mechanism of action of anti-tumor TCM compound, the law of TCM compounding, to reveal the comprehensive effect of multi-component, multi-system and multi-target pharmacology, and finally use a group of chemical components and their interactions to explain the efficacy of TCM compound. The combination of Chinese and Western medicine is more effective in the treatment of tumors than in the treatment of tumors alone. The combination of Chinese and Western medicine is more effective than either Chinese medicine or Western medicine alone in the treatment of tumors, because Chinese medicine can compensate to a certain extent for the shortcomings of Western medicine therapeutic tools, while the strengths of Western medicine are the weaknesses of Chinese medicine treatment. Organic combination of Western medicine and TCM treatment, acknowledging the advantages and shortcomings of TCM and absorbing the essence of Western medicine, will certainly promote the development of new drugs and modernization of TCM.