The prevalence of anti-HCV positivity among pregnant women in China is about 0.11% – 0.52%. European studies have reported a mother-to-child transmission rate of HCV (hepatitis C virus) during pregnancy of 1 – 2.5%. When HCV viremia is present in the mother, the chance of mother-to-child transmission is 4% – 7%. High maternal viral load, early fetal hypoxia, and exposure to virally contaminated maternal blood during delivery can increase the risk of vertical transmission of HCV. Ways to reduce mother-to-child transmission: 1. Before pregnancy: If HCV infection is detected and HCV-RNA is positive, antiviral treatment with interferon combined with ribavirin should be used. Contraception should be used during treatment and pregnancy should not be considered until 24 weeks after the end of treatment. 2. During pregnancy: Pregnancy has no significant adverse effect on the course of hepatitis C infection. There is no evidence that HCV infection causes preterm delivery or increases the incidence of fetal congenital anomalies, obstetric complications or low birth weight infants in pregnant women. Close monitoring of liver function during pregnancy is required, with no intervention for those with normal liver function; for pregnant women with abnormal liver function, symptomatic treatment with liver protection and other medications, as appropriate. Interferon and ribavirin are contraindicated. 3. Mode of delivery and breastfeeding: Currently, it is not internationally accepted that avoiding vaginal delivery and breastfeeding can reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HCV, therefore, it is not recommended to choose to perform cesarean delivery to avoid mother-to-child transmission. For HCV-RNA positive pregnant women, amniocentesis should be avoided as much as possible to minimize the delivery time, ensure the integrity of the placenta, and reduce the exposure of the newborn to maternal blood, thus reducing the chance of vertical transmission from mother to child. 4. Judgment of HCV infection in infants: infants should be tested for HCV RNA once at 2 months and once at 6 months after birth, and positive results of both tests can be judged as HCV infection and should continue to be observed and followed up. Infants with negative test results can be tested for anti-HCV at 12 months of age, and if they are positive, they should be tested again at 18 months of age.