Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent disease in China, and the number of patients is increasing day by day. The greatest risk of atrial fibrillation is stroke. It is found that the overall risk of stroke in patients with AF is 5 times higher than that in people without AF, and if preventive measures are not taken, nearly 1 in 20 patients with AF (5%) will have a stroke each year, and stroke caused by AF is characterized by high disability, high lethality and high recurrence. To reduce stroke caused by atrial fibrillation, it is necessary to start at the source, i.e., anticoagulation, i.e., anticoagulant drugs, in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at moderate or high risk of stroke. There is a national and international consensus on this idea, but the use of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation in China is unsatisfactory and there are some misconceptions. First, many patients with intermediate-risk and high-risk atrial fibrillation who face the threat of stroke are still on aspirin anticoagulation, but its anticoagulant efficacy is unclear and its effect on stroke prevention is limited. Because aspirin prevents thrombosis by reducing platelet aggregation, it is more effective in the treatment of thrombosis due to atherosclerosis. The clots caused by atrial fibrillation are mainly caused by clotting factors, so the effect of aspirin is limited and new oral anticoagulants such as warfarin and dabigatranate, which act on clotting factors, should be used. Second, there is a significant proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation who are not treated at all. Among the anticoagulation treatments for patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin anticoagulation therapy can greatly reduce the risk of stroke. However, because warfarin anticoagulation must be guided by a specialist and is difficult, excessive anticoagulation may lead to bleeding, insufficient anticoagulation strength has no preventive effect, long-term application of warfarin requires monitoring of coagulation indicators (INR) and adjusting the dose accordingly, especially at the beginning of the medication, which requires repeated blood tests, many patients cannot adhere to it for a long time and even give up anticoagulation treatment voluntarily. Third, many patients with atrial fibrillation and even physicians lack knowledge of new anticoagulants such as dabigatran et al. that do not require monitoring of INR blood levels, assume that there are no anticoagulants that do not require INR testing, and then abandon anticoagulation therapy. In fact, new oral anticoagulants, such as dabigatranate, have long been used to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), significantly reducing not only the risk of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism, but also the risk of vascular death, intracranial hemorrhage, and fatal bleeding. . Fourth, because anticoagulation therapy does not eliminate atrial fibrillation and does not improve the patient’s palpitations, weakness, heart failure and other symptoms, some patients with atrial fibrillation only use atrial fibrillation treatment drugs and neglect anticoagulation therapy. In fact, patients with atrial fibrillation, especially those older than 65 years old, those with a previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, those with congestive heart failure, and those with other vascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and those with atrial fibrillation in which the left atrium is enlarged and left atrial thrombus is detected by echocardiography, must be treated with anticoagulation therapy in addition to atrial fibrillation therapy drugs, and even anticoagulant therapy should be the mainstay.