Inflammation of the rectal mucosa caused by radiation therapy for cervical cancer or anorectal cancer is called radiation proctitis. I. Etiology The main cause of radiation proctitis is caused by the patient’s sensitive reaction to radiation during radiation therapy, which has little relationship with the size of radiation dose. In the initial stage, the rectal mucosa is red, swollen and congested, or there are small bleeding spots, and there are gray exudates on the mucosal surface; after several months or years, ulcers are generated, usually only one ulcer, shallow and round, unclean at the bottom, healing is slow, and when the necrotic tissue falls off, it can bleed, the perirectal tissue becomes hard, the rectal wall thickens, the mucosa atrophies and turns yellow, and a large amount of mucus flows from the rectum and vagina; sometimes a rectovaginal fistula can be formed. Second, the symptoms Patients after weeks or months of radiation treatment, the number of bowel movements increases, rectal bleeding, bright red or purplish-dark, mostly flowing out during defecation, and the amount is variable. At the beginning, there is a feeling of distension or burning in the anorectum, and later there is a feeling of urgency and heaviness, mostly accompanied by general weakness, emaciation and fatigue. Diagnosis When the disease is diagnosed, there is tenderness in the rectum and pressure pain around the rectum. Under proctoscopy, the mucosa of the intestinal wall is seen to be red, swollen, necrotic, and prone to bleeding, ulceration or stricture. On biopsy, rapid cell division, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue, dilatation of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and degeneration of the canal wall are seen. Attention should be paid to differentiate it from malignant tumor. Treatment (a) Internal treatment: Chinese medicine treatment can be prescribed with reference to the evidence-based treatment in the first section. If necessary, antispasmodic and sedative drugs can be given, and honey and sesame oil can be taken orally to keep the bowels open. Take phthalothiazole orally, 1 gram each time, 4 times a day to reduce intestinal infection. (B) External treatment: 1. Use 50-100 ml of peony licorice soup combined with Huanglian mold solution, retain enema, 2 times a day. 2, such as rectal mucosa rupture, can be coated with 1% cortisone acetate solution on the surface, once a day; or 2% gentian violet solution, once a day; also available anti-inflammatory pain pessary into the anus, 2 times a day. 3, such as with rectal stenosis, but still can reach into the finger, feasible anal dilatation, every 2 weeks or once a week for several months. If the finger cannot be extended, or if there is a rectovaginal fistula, surgery should be used. However, because the tissue is damaged by radiation, the wound after surgery is not easy to heal and should be considered carefully. (c) Systemic therapy: patients should rest in bed, eat thin, soft, less dregs, nutritious food, keep the bowels open, hot water sitz bath after stool, and hot compress in the anal area to reduce local stimulation.