(a) The female partner has difficulties in gamete transport due to tubal factors, causing difficulties in the union of sperm and eggs, such as tubal obstruction or patency caused by inflammation, tubal insufficiency, post-tubal ligation, ectopic pregnancy and other bilateral tubal resection. (ii) Ovulation disorders in the female, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. (iii), endometriosis (such as ovarian chocolate cyst, pelvic endometriosis foci), adenomyosis. (iv), oligospermia and weak spermatozoa in the male partner. The new WHO standard is set at 15×10[6]-100×10[6] sperm per ml of semen for normal fertility and less than 15×10[6] for oligospermia. The normal value of sperm motility is that there should be 40% or more moderate to active forward-moving sperm in a normal semen specimen within l/2-3 hours after ejaculation, and less than this value is poor motility. (v) Immunological infertility. (6) Unexplained infertility. (vii) Female patients with ovarian failure can be donated through egg donation and male patients with azoospermia can be donated through sperm bank.