Epilepsy is a common disease of abnormal neuronal discharges in the brain with a high incidence and a great danger to the physical and mental health as well as the life safety of patients. All patients with epilepsy have to go through a medication process. Patients who have good results with medication can achieve no seizures after a few years of medication, and then they can gradually reduce their medication to discontinue it. What about patients who do not do well on medication? There are also surgical treatments, namely epilepsy focal resection, which can cure or reduce seizures. However, there are strict indications for this procedure, and not all patients are suitable. Only patients with clear epileptic lesions, lesions that are not in important functional areas, not multiple lesions, no serious physical illnesses, mental illness, full understanding of the surgery by the patient and family, and the ability to tolerate the possible risks of surgery, etc., can be treated surgically. So what new treatments are available for some patients who are not taking medication well and are not suitable for epilepsy focal resection? The current surgical advances appear new treatment for epilepsy – “vagus nerve electrical stimulation therapy”, which opens another door for patients with refractory epilepsy. This technique provides an important alternative treatment option for patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, especially those who are not candidates for epileptic focal resection. Vagus nerve stimulation therapy, also known as VNS therapy, is a treatment that improves the firing pattern of the brain by stimulating the vagus nerve on the left side of the body without opening the skull, which can reduce the frequency and number of seizures, seizure duration and severity of the patient. As well as improving the patient’s postoperative quality of life and cognitive ability. In some patients, it is even possible to completely control epilepsy. The overall efficiency of VNS is comparable to that of craniotomy, about 70%, while other patients have different degrees of reduction. A small number of patients are not effective. However, compared with craniotomy, VNS is relatively less traumatic and the procedure is simpler and more easily accepted by the majority of patients. Vagus nerve stimulation has changed the previous treatment mode of craniotomy to remove the lesion. This method has played an active role in the treatment of refractory epilepsy that cannot be controlled by drugs.