Adverse reactions to tuberculosis drugs vary depending on the drug of choice. The most common adverse reactions found in clinical practice are impairment of the patient’s liver function, causing an increase in glutamate aminotransferase, which can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Other drugs can also cause drug rashes and allergic reactions. Tuberculosis drugs can be divided into first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Generally speaking, first-line drugs are less tolerable and have fewer adverse reactions, while second-line drugs have more side effects than second-line drugs. Anti-tuberculosis treatment requires a combination of drugs to prevent drug resistance, and side effects vary depending on the drug of choice. Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system toxicity and liver damage, rifampin can cause gastrointestinal discomfort and liver damage, ethambutol can cause retrobulbar optic neuritis and allergic reactions, and pyrazinamide can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and drug-related liver damage.