Breasts are the second life of a woman and it is very important for women to take care of them. In recent years, with the high prevalence of breast cancer, breast cancer has become the “number one killer” of women’s health, and this word has always made women talk about it. Many women find lumps in their breasts, they will be in excessive panic and fear, unable to eat or sleep. In fact, breast tumor is not equal to breast cancer, and a considerable number of breast tumors are benign. Fibroadenoma of breast Clinical manifestations Fibroadenoma of breast is the most common benign tumor of breast in young women, which is related to the imbalance of estrogen level in patients. It usually occurs in three age groups: 16-20 years old, 20-25 years old and 25-29 years old, with the highest incidence in 20-25 years old, but older women may also have fibroadenoma of the breast, only with a lower incidence. Fibroadenomas are generally slow growing and are often discovered unintentionally, in the shower, or during a physical examination. The tumor has a regular shape, smooth surface, very clear borders, and relatively good mobility. Ultrasonographically, fibroadenomas generally have hypoechoic, regular morphology, clear borders, and no blood flow. Fibroadenomas also have times of rapid growth and can grow rapidly during pregnancy or lactation under the stimulation of estrogen. Diagnosis For young women, if they have the above clinical manifestations, the main consideration is breast fibroadenoma first; if they are 28 or 29 years old or older, they should be more cautious when suspecting breast fibroadenoma and should be differentiated from malignant tumors. However, mammography is not suitable for young women because their breast glands are denser and molybdenum and palladium are not effective; while MRI is expensive, so there is no need to choose this first. Treatment Breast fibroadenoma is a benign tumor, if it is less than 1cm, it can be considered for observation first. If you choose surgery to remove it, there are generally two clinical methods. One is the conventional open surgery, where an incision is made on the surface of the tumor to remove it. With the advancement of medical technology, incisions can also be made in the areola, lower edge of breast, axilla and other more concealed locations nowadays, which does not affect the aesthetics after surgery, but requires higher skills of doctors. Another type of surgery is minimally invasive rotary mastectomy, which is suitable for patients with tumors of about 2 cm. The incision is very small and has minimal impact on the appearance of the breast, but the only disadvantage is the high cost. In addition, patients with breast fibroadenoma should have the tumor removed before preparing for pregnancy to prevent the tumor from increasing rapidly in size during pregnancy; if the breast fibroadenoma is found during pregnancy, it is usually not treated in the first 3 months and can be surgically removed under local anesthesia when it is 4-6 months old, but if the tumor is not growing fast, it can be treated after the breastfeeding period. Intraductal papilloma Clinical manifestations There are 15-20 ducts in the female breast, which open at the nipple. Intraductal papilloma is a small, benign tumor that grows in the ducts of the breast and resembles a “cauliflower”. For example, there is soil between the roots of the tree and the roots of the tree. Most of the tumors that grow on the “roots” and “roots” are intraductal papillomas. The most common age of intraductal papilloma is around 40-45 years old, and those that grow around the areola are more common, while those that grow at the end of the duct are less common. Since intraductal papilloma grows in the ducts, there will be some secretions, which will be discharged through the milk ducts and nipples, so there will be nipple discharge, most commonly yellowish and coffee-colored nipple discharge. Diagnosis There are two methods of examination for intraductal papilloma of the breast. One is mammography, in which contrast is injected into the overflowing ducts, and then films are taken under X-ray to observe whether there is a tumor in the ducts; the other is lactoscopy, in which a fiberoptic lactoscope is placed from the mouth of the overflowing ducts, and the epithelium of the overflowing ducts and the lumen of the ducts are observed with the help of a TV screen, and biopsy may be performed as appropriate. Clinically, in the case of nipple overflow and examination reveals tumors in the ducts, the possibility of having intraductal papilloma should be considered first; if, at the time of ductoscopy, erosion and necrosis have been found in the ducts, the first thing to suspect is whether the tumor is cancerous. Treatment Since intraductal papilloma has a 7%-10% cancer rate, aggressive surgical excision is generally recommended. During the surgery of intraductal papilloma, the opening of the overflowing duct is found and blue dye is injected. Breast lipoma is a benign tumor derived from the adipose tissue of the breast. It is mostly located under the skin of the breast, superficial, round, oval or lobulated, with soft texture, clear border and good mobility. Treatment Lipomas of the breast are usually slow-growing, without special discomfort, and rarely become malignant. For smaller, slow-growing lipomas, they can be given observation first; however, for faster-growing, larger lipomas that significantly compress the surrounding tissues, they should be treated surgically. In addition, many women will be found to have breast hyperplasia, cystic hyperplasia of the breast, etc. during physical examination, which is actually a benign breast disease rather than a tumor disease. Breast glands will change during the menstrual cycle, and under the action of hormones, excessive hyperplasia and incomplete rejuvenation of breast tissue can occur, and after a period of time, the hyperplastic breast tissue cannot completely subside, and then mammary hyperplasia will form. The clinical manifestations are breast swelling, tenderness, breast masses, etc. The performance is mostly cyclical, often occurring or aggravated in the premenstrual period, which is a normal physiological phenomenon and generally does not require special treatment. In short, there are many types of breast lumps, once you find a breast lump, do not be too alarmed, nor can you judge yourself, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital in time to receive diagnosis and treatment from a specialist.