Hemorrhoids are a common human condition and were traditionally thought to be a soft venous mass formed by the stasis, dilation and tortuosity of the hemorrhoidal plexus under the mucosa of the rectum and the skin of the anal canal. In 1994, Loder et al. further proposed the theory of inferior displacement of the anal cushion for the development of internal hemorrhoids. In 1994, Loder et al. further proposed the theory of submigration of the anal cushion for internal hemorrhoids. Incidence: The survey shows that the incidence of hemorrhoids is 67% in women and 53.9% in men. The incidence of hemorrhoids in women is higher than in men because of the unique physiological characteristics of women, such as menstruation, pregnancy, puerperium and menopause, which increase the burden on the anus and cause the occurrence of hemorrhoids, especially in the second trimester of pregnancy, when the fetus increases and presses on the rectum, which makes it difficult to defecate, and at the same time makes the rectal and anal venous blood flow obstructed, which not only makes hemorrhoids easy to occur, but also further aggravates the existing hemorrhoids. Since it is not convenient to treat hemorrhoids during pregnancy, you should consider going to the hospital in time if your symptoms are obvious after your body recovers from childbirth. Perianal abscesses caused by hemorrhoids, and infections in the perianal area can also affect the vaginal opening. The reason: 1 because the anus is located at the end of the digestive tract, the rectal plexus does not have a venous valve, when standing easy to cause blood return obstruction; 2 when the intra-abdominal pressure increases, such as constipation, long-term diarrhea, pregnancy, pelvic masses, can make the venous return obstruction, so that the venous plexus expand varicose; 3 weak and thin, tissue relaxation, the veins are easy to expand or systemic diseases such as liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension so that blood return obstruction; In addition, local inflammation and spicy stimulation, alcohol consumption, smoking, etc. can make the rectal mucosa congested and hemorrhoids occur. Symptoms: The main symptoms of hemorrhoids are blood in stool, pain, prolapse, increased local secretion and difficulty in defecation, etc. The most important symptom is blood in stool and prolapse, repeated bleeding during stool, which can make the body lose a lot of iron and cause iron deficiency anemia. Another major symptom is the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids. The internal hemorrhoids that are prolapsed outside the anus are held by the sphincter muscle, and the venous return is blocked, while the arterial blood is still continuously input, making the hemorrhoid nucleus grow in size until the arterial blood vessels are pressed shut and the thrombus forms, resulting in a hardened, painful hemorrhoid nucleus that is difficult to return to the anus. When the hemorrhoid prolapses and cannot be returned, it is called an embedded hemorrhoid. If the hemorrhoid is embedded for a long period of time, necrosis can occur, which can lead to sepsis in severe cases. In addition, embedded hemorrhoids can become infected to varying degrees. The hemorrhoids can be found in the following areas: 1) Internal hemorrhoids: 1 degree: blood in the stool, no prolapse; 2 degrees: blood in the stool, internal hemorrhoid prolapse can be retracted by itself; 3 degrees: internal hemorrhoid prolapse needs to be retracted by hand; 4 degrees (embedded hemorrhoids): internal hemorrhoid prolapse cannot be retracted, accompanied by hemorrhoid nucleus congestion, edema, hardening and even local erosion and necrosis. 2, external hemorrhoids: connective tissue external hemorrhoids (due to chronic inflammatory stimulation, repeated episodes of local skin fibrosis, connective tissue hyperplasia, the formation of skin pendulous, also known as superfluous external hemorrhoids), thrombotic external hemorrhoids (due to anal vein inflammation or excessive force during the stool, resulting in the formation of thrombus in the anal vein plexus, subcutaneous elevation pain), inflammatory external hemorrhoids (anal edge skin damage or infection, the formation of anal skin folds protruding, red, swollen, hot and painful inflammatory external hemorrhoids. The inflammatory hemorrhoids (the inflammatory manifestation of redness, swelling, heat and pain), varicose veins (when squatting or attracting for a long time, the subcutaneous swelling of the anus is visible and the varicose veins are not dissipated immediately). 3.Mixed hemorrhoids: It means that the venous plexus above and below the dentate line of the anal canal in the same place is simultaneously varicose, enlarged and congested, communicating and anastomosing with each other, and the sphincter sulcus disappears. If mixed hemorrhoids involve the circumference of the anal canal, they are called circumferential mixed hemorrhoids. It is a manifestation of heavier hemorrhoids and is mostly seen in elderly people, women and weak and sickly people who have loose anal muscles. (Note: mixed hemorrhoids ≠ internal hemorrhoids + external hemorrhoids) Treatment: The first thing to do with hemorrhoids is to keep your bowels open and eat easy-to-digest, less scummy food. You should eat a coarse and fine diet, drink less strong tea, coffee, alcohol and less spicy food to reduce the stimulation of the anal canal. After the bowel movement, you should take a sitz bath with warm water and apply local hemorrhoid suppositories or hemorrhoid cream. Depending on the condition, injection therapy, cryotherapy and physical therapy can be used. In severe cases, surgical treatment is available, including ligation, rubber band ligation, hemorrhoidectomy, etc. Awareness and treatment myths: 1. Internal hemorrhoids block the stool: 2. Hemorrhoids lead to rectal cancer: 3. The hemorrhoid is a local mass formed by pathological changes in the anal cushion and hypertrophy and downward movement; 2;