Gestural automatism: simple gestures such as wiping the face, smashing the mouth, pouting, wringing the hands, grasping objects and fiddling with genitals, or making confused or comprehension-like movements; complex gestures such as buttoning or unbuttoning clothes, turning pockets, dusting or arranging clothes, carrying furniture, turning over beds or performing certain professional activities, etc., can occur in epileptic patients. The following diseases may also be the cause of gestural automatism: 1. Cerebral hemorrhage Cerebral hemorrhage is bleeding caused by rupture of blood vessels in the brain parenchyma due to non-trauma, accounting for 20% to 30% of all strokes. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage often have sudden onset due to emotional agitation and effortful exertion, and the early mortality rate is high. Most of the survivors are left with sequelae such as motor impairment, cognitive impairment, and speech and swallowing disorders of different degrees. 2. Cerebral thrombosis Cerebral thrombosis is the most common type of cerebral infarction. It is caused by atherosclerosis of the main arteries or cortical branches of cerebral arteries, which leads to thickening of blood vessels, narrowing and occlusion of lumen and thrombosis, resulting in reduced blood flow or interruption of blood supply to the brain, ischemia and hypoxia of brain tissue, resulting in softening and necrosis, and focal neurological symptoms and signs. Therefore, it is also clinically known as “atherosclerotic cerebral thrombosis” or “thrombotic cerebral infarction”. Cerebral thrombosis is based on atherosclerosis and plaque in cerebral arteries, and under the condition of slow blood flow and low blood pressure, the organic fraction of blood adheres to the inner membrane of arteries and forms thrombus, which is called cerebral thrombosis. Clinically, hemiplegia is the main manifestation. It mostly occurs after the age of 50 and is slightly more common in men than women. Before the onset of hemiplegia, patients have signs such as numbness of limbs, dyskinesia, slurred speech, vertigo, and blurred vision. The onset is often during sleep or in the morning, with weakness or inability to move the affected limb, slurred speech or aphasia, and choking on water. The majority of patients have eliminated or mildly impaired consciousness. Facial and hypoglossal nerve paralysis, nystagmus, reduced or enhanced muscle tone and abdominal reflex, positive pathological reflex, reduced or absent abdominal wall and raphe reflex. 3.Brain abscess Brain abscess refers to septic encephalitis, chronic granuloma and brain abscess envelope formation caused by septic bacterial infection, and in some cases, it can also be caused by fungal and protozoal invasion of brain tissue. Brain abscess can develop at any age, but it is most common in young adults, accounting for 14% of cases under 11 years old, 67% of cases between 11 and 35 years old, 17% of cases between 36 and 55 years old, and 1% of cases over 56 years old. 4. Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury and developmental defects from conception to infancy, mainly manifesting as motor disorders and postural abnormalities. 5.Cerebral cysticercosis is a disease in which the larvae of the pig tapeworm are parasitized in the brain, meninges and ventricles of the brain, causing corresponding neurological dysfunction. It accounts for more than 80% of cysticercosis. The incidence is higher in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China.