The spine that supports the body is composed of 26 vertebrae joined together, and the central canal of the spine is called the spinal canal. This canal contains the spinal membrane, nerves and spinal cord. Spina bifida is most often seen in the lumbosacral region and occasionally in the thoracic segment, with the defect mostly at the back of the spine and rarely in the front. How is spina bifida treated? The following is a detailed description. Cystic spina bifida almost always requires surgery. If the cyst wall is extremely thin or broken, emergency or early surgery is required. In other cases, surgery is better within 1 to 3 months after birth to prevent rupture of the cyst wall and aggravation of the lesion. If the cyst wall is thick, the child can also be operated after the age of 1.5 years in order to reduce the operative mortality. The purpose of surgery is to remove the wall of the bulging capsule, release the spinal cord and nerve root adhesions, incorporate the bulging nerve tissue back into the spinal canal, repair the soft tissue defect, and avoid aggravating the symptoms by holding the nerve tissue. If the spinal opening cannot be sutured directly, the dorsal fascia should be turned over for repair. The dressing should be tightly applied, and a prone or lateral position should be used for 2 to 3 days after surgery and removal of sutures to prevent wetting of the incision by urine and stool. For occult spina bifida with long-term urinary disorders or nocturnal enuresis or persistent neurological symptoms that worsen, careful examination should be followed by appropriate surgical treatment. The aim of surgery is to remove the fibrous and fatty tissue compressing the nerve roots. In spina bifida with complete paralysis of both lower extremities and incontinence at birth, or in spina bifida with significant hydrocephalus, it is often difficult to return to normal after surgery. It may even aggravate the symptoms or develop other complications. Early recognition and treatment of the disease is the key to its cure. Children with spina bifida combined with spinal cord tethering are usually asymptomatic as children, but as the body develops, the tethered spinal cord is stretched, resulting in the development of appropriate symptoms. Studies have shown that only about 45% of patients recover from motor dysfunction, such as weakness and numbness of the limbs, and only 12% of patients recover from urinary incontinence once it occurs. Therefore, once spinal cord tethering is detected, it should be treated surgically regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. We are increasing the dissemination and propagation of clinical knowledge in this area so that the families of patients recognize at birth that the posterior back masses, vascular nevi, skin depressions and hairiness are not the surface of the phenomenon and that there may be congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord in the spinal canal. Early examination and surgery should be performed nearly as early as possible. Do not rush into surgery after the appearance of obvious symptoms, which may be regretted for the rest of your life. With the significant advances in modern anesthesia and neurocritical care, the age of the patient is not currently a problem that limits surgery.