EEG: EEG is the most important tool for diagnosing epilepsy and seizures, and is also an important basis for the “international classification” of epilepsy and seizures, as well as a reference for determining response to treatment, and for reducing and stopping medication. However, the diagnosis of epilepsy should not be based solely on the presence of epileptiform discharges on the EEG. A normal EEG does not mean that epilepsy can be ruled out. When the discharges are hidden or rare, it is difficult to record them on the EEG. Therefore, standardized EEG examinations should be performed, including various activation (evoked) tests, prolonged EEG recording time, and EEG recording under special conditions (different sleep depths). MRI of the head: It has a high reference value for etiologic diagnosis, especially for the evaluation of refractory (intractable) epilepsy. The diagnostic significance varies for structural abnormalities (foci) of different nature, for example, hippocampal sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, cavernous hemangioma, nodular sclerosis, cerebral surface hemangiomatosis, smoker’s disease, mitochondrial encephalopathy, etc.