For idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, surgical lung biopsy or thoracoscopic lung biopsy is recommended, and multiple biopsies should be performed whenever possible, so as to ensure that the heterogeneity of the disease does not lead to biased diagnosis. Because of the high cost and damage of the above biopsies, the national population is less willing to undergo them, and therefore bronchoscopy and CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy are performed in lieu of surgical or thoracoscopic procedures in most hospitals. In fact, the value of these tests is not their diagnostic significance, but in ruling out other diseases. It should be noted that for some typical types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia such as IPF, an experienced pulmonologist can give a more definitive diagnosis based on clinical and imaging studies, and the diagnostic value of clinical and imaging studies is confirmed in the IPF guidelines.