Obesity has become a metabolic disease that seriously affects human health and quality of life. Currently, more than 1/3 of adults and 1/4 of children worldwide are overweight, and about 670 million people have reached the obesity level. The United States is in first place, about 78 million people belong to obese, followed by China and India, obese population of 46 million and 30 million respectively. Obesity population in recent years has shown a growing trend, obesity for the image of the individual impact is relatively large, which is also a lot of people have been weight loss motivation, in fact, obesity on the health of the impact is also very large, obesity is defined as a metabolic disease. Metabolic syndrome is a syndrome with central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, high cholesterol, decreased glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes as the main clinical manifestations, it is not only an independent disease, but also very easy to complicate diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver, gallstones and a series of other diseases. Attention overweight people! In recent years, the standard of living is typically characterized by people’s increased weight, or even excessive increase, BMI (body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg) ÷ height ^ 2 (m)) more than 25 (too light: less than 18.5; normal: 18.5-24.99; overweight: 25-28; obese: 28-32; very obese: higher than 32) will enter the ranks of overweight. Although many people are overweight, these people are able to recognize the impact of obesity on their lives and health. At the same time, various weight loss strategies have emerged, for example, traditional obesity treatment methods include diet control, physical exercise, and medication, but these methods are not effective for severely obese patients. Bariatric surgery began in the 1950s, and decades of clinical practice have confirmed that surgery is the only method that can achieve lasting weight loss and reduce the morbidity and mortality of obesity-related diseases in most morbidly obese patients. After surgical treatment, obese patients not only lose weight significantly, but also have significant improvement in blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, fatty liver, sleep apnea syndrome and other metabolic disorder symptoms. Therefore weight loss surgery should be better known as metabolic surgery. Weight loss surgery is not a mystery! Since the middle of the last century, bariatric surgery has been improved by many experts and professors, and the current surgical protocols are gradually standardized and the therapeutic effects have been confirmed. There are four generally accepted bariatric surgical procedures: R oux- en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, and biliopancreatic bypass with duodenal transposition. These surgical procedures reduce the gastric volume, reconstruct the digestive tract thus changing the original metabolic state of the body and correcting metabolic abnormalities to achieve weight loss. Among these procedures, sleeve gastrectomy is a widely used procedure for weight loss and diabetes in European countries. Sleeve gastrectomy: Sleeve gastrectomy is mostly performed under laparoscopy, also known as laparoscopic gastric reduction surgery, the method of gastric reduction surgery is to use laparoscopy to retain 2-6cm of the gastric sinus above the pylorus in the direction of the large curve of the stomach, remove the large part of the stomach along the long axis of the stomach, remove the entire gastric fundus, so that the residual stomach is “banana-shaped”, the volume of about 60-80ml, the large curve of the stomach cut out vertically, it The advantage of this procedure is that there is no need to put foreign objects in the body, and the weight loss effect of the procedure is remarkable. The advantages of this surgery are: it does not change the physiological state of the gastrointestinal tract and does not interfere with the normal process of digestion and absorption of food; the percentage of excess weight reduction is 30% to 60% one year after surgery, and the remission rate of type 2 diabetes is about 65%. The incidence of postoperative complications such as gastrointestinal leakage and gastroesophageal reflux is about 3.3%. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most common and effective procedure for weight reduction and metabolic surgery, which can be the preferred procedure for weight reduction and metabolic surgery because of its significant effect on weight loss and high improvement of glucose metabolism and other metabolic indicators. Then, the small intestine is truncated and rearranged to change the position of the small intestine, changing the pathway of food through the digestive tract, connecting the small intestine with the gastric capsule bypassing the open gastric body, duodenum and the first jejunum, slowing down gastric emptying and shortening the small intestine, thus greatly controlling food intake and absorption. 3, biliopancreatic shunt and duodenal transposition: biliopancreatic shunt and duodenal transposition: firstly, sleeve gastrectomy is performed, the volume of the stomach is about 150 ml, the upper duodenum is preserved and transected, the small intestine is transected at 250 cm from the ileocecal valve, the proximal end of the small intestine is transected and the ileum is anastomosed at 50-100 cm from the ileocecal valve, the distal end of the small intestine is transected and the proximal end of the duodenum is transected and the distal end of the open duodenum is closed. . This procedure can be seen as the most complex reconstruction of the GI tract and is superior to the other three procedures in terms of weight loss and metabolic control, but the surgical risks and complications are higher than those of the other procedures and are less commonly used. The gospel is only for the “heavier” people Bariatric surgery or more appropriately called metabolic surgery is not new, but these surgical procedures are all routine procedures for GI reconstruction and can be used in the treatment of GI tumors. The risks and complications are much less and the immediate and long term results are obvious. However, at the same time, there are also relatively healthy patients with high expectations, which also puts greater pressure on the medical staff; the population for which the surgery is indicated is not very clear, and although the results are better, weight loss surgery is only indicated for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m² or greater and no comorbid medical conditions, or for patients with a BMI of 35 kg/m² or greater with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep disorders, or other medical conditions. hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome. Surgical treatment is not preferred for people with disproportionate body shape, overweight or obesity who are seeking a slimmer body, but still need to pay attention to their lifestyle to achieve the ideal body shape.