Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of renal tubules. The cause of renal cancer has not yet been clarified, and its development may be related to smoking, obesity, hypertension, diet, occupational exposure and heredity. The most common symptoms of kidney cancer are lumbar pain and hematuria, followed by abdominal mass, hypertension, anemia, weight loss, cachexia, fever, etc. Bone pain, bone fracture, cough, hemoptysis, etc. can be seen after metastasis of kidney cancer. Clinical diagnosis of kidney cancer mainly relies on imaging examination, while pathologic examination is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Routine examination of blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood glucose, blood sedimentation, electrolytes and so on are needed for disease evaluation. Early stage of kidney cancer can be treated with surgery-based comprehensive treatment, such as surgery to preserve renal units or radical nephrectomy. In the late stage, internal medicine-based comprehensive treatment is adopted, such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy, etc. Commonly used drugs include sorafenib and sunitinib. It is recommended that patients under the guidance of professional doctors for standardized treatment, so as not to delay the condition.