Early pregnancy (within 12 weeks of pregnancy) 1. Determine the expected date of delivery Based on the last menstrual period, menstrual cycle, time of early pregnancy reaction, and if necessary, ultrasound to accurately check the week of pregnancy, determine the expected date of delivery. 2.Understand the medical history and basic conditions of pregnant women General conditions: age, occupation, previous physical condition, family history of genetic diseases, menstruation, history of fever, medication and vaginal bleeding in this pregnancy. Fertility: whether there is fetal abortion, stillbirth, neonatal malformation, whether the pregnancy is natural/artificial conception. 3. Routine physical examination: blood pressure measurement, weight measurement Laboratory tests: ① blood routine; ② blood type Rh factor + irregular antibodies; ③ liver and kidney function + fasting blood sugar; ④ hepatitis A, B and C + syphilis + HIV screening Auxiliary tests (prenatal diagnosis): 11-14 weeks ultrasound to check the thickness of the nuchal translucency layer (NT) 4. Pregnant women who have had neural tube abnormality should increase the dosage to 4mg daily. 5. Common teratogenic factors ① Genetic diseases: monogenic genetic diseases (albinism, hemophilia, etc.), polygenic genetic diseases (such as congenital heart disease, both genetic and environmental factors), chromosomal abnormalities. ② environmental teratogenic factors: fever, high temperature work, radiation, computer operators not more than 4 hours a day, microwave ovens to maintain a distance of more than 2 meters, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, infection with rubella virus, etc. (TORCH). 6, common problems ① Pregnancy vomiting: it is a physiological phenomenon, the degree varies from person to person, most people pass through it smoothly by small amount of many meals, light diet, psychological comfort and proper rest, a few people cannot eat water, dehydration, urine ketone body, even coma, etc., need to go to the hospital in time. ②Vaginal bleeding: prompt consultation should be made. ultrasound to determine intrauterine pregnancy (exclude ectopic pregnancy and gravidity), combined with blood HCG and progesterone (P) to understand embryonic development (pre-eclampsia – inevitable miscarriage – incomplete miscarriage – fetal abortion); speculum examination to exclude cervical lesions; specific treatment according to the situation. (13-28 weeks) 1. Establish a pregnancy test file, and then every four weeks after that, a maternity checkup. The first maternal heart and lung auscultation, thyroid and liver and spleen palpation, EKG, TCT. Ask the maternal health status, the time of fetal movement Wang Huixia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Maternity Hospital 2. Routine examination: blood pressure, weight, uterine height, abdominal circumference, fetal position, fetal heart rate, lower limbs with or without edema. Blood and urine routine (once in 4 weeks); glucose screening (24-28 weeks); ultrasound for detoxification (20-24 weeks, 28-32 weeks). Down’s syndrome screening (14-20 weeks): 70-80% accuracy. High risk of Down’s syndrome/trisomy 18 requires amniocentesis to further confirm the diagnosis. High risk of neural tube abnormality requires close follow-up ultrasound.