Peripheral vascular disease is not uncommon clinically and has a high rate of disability. Some data show that more than 75% of patients with serious cardiovascular disease have peripheral artery obstruction; in people over 60 years old, the incidence of chronic lower limb arterial ischemia caused by peripheral artery obstruction is 17% to 20%; the amputation rate is as high as 5%, and the amputation rate is more than 20% when smoking and combined with diabetes. The incidence of venous disease is about 10 times that of arterial disease. This shows that vascular disease seriously endangers the quality of life and life health of people. However, unfortunately, many patients with peripheral vascular diseases do not receive timely and correct diagnosis and treatment, and the time for treatment is delayed. For example, pulmonary embolism is the most critical complication of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, accounting for the third highest mortality rate abroad, but only one-third of patients are correctly diagnosed. According to statistics, the rate of misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism outside its hospital is as high as 79%. The lack of knowledge of peripheral vascular disease among clinicians and people is the most important reason for the high misdiagnosis rate. The alarming figures show that it is urgent to popularize the knowledge of peripheral vascular diseases. Among the common clinical misdiagnosis, early atherosclerotic occlusive disease is very common to be missed and misdiagnosed. Arteriosclerotic occlusive disease is a limb ischemic disease that occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, often accompanied by hypertension, hyperlipidemia or cardiovascular disease, and early symptoms are only cold and numbness of the lower limbs, and pain in the limbs after walking, which can be relieved after rest. Because the early symptoms are not obvious, they are often not taken seriously by patients and doctors and are missed in many cases. Some patients are diagnosed with calcium deficiency, sciatica, neuritis, etc., resulting in patients not receiving early treatment, and once the disease enters the development stage, resting pain or even gangrene of the limb will appear rapidly, and treatment is quite difficult, and many patients have the bad luck of having their limbs amputated. According to rough statistics, no less than 30% of our outpatients have been misdiagnosed and missed outside the hospital. Another disease that has been gradually taken seriously by doctors in recent years but still has a high rate of misdiagnosis is deep vein thrombosis. Its clinical manifestation is sudden swelling of unilateral limb, localized fever and pain, which varies depending on the site of thrombosis. The most easily misdiagnosed is calf muscle deep vein thrombosis, which has mild clinical manifestations and the main symptom is mild swelling and pain in the calf. A considerable number of patients are misdiagnosed as muscle strains, gastrocnemius fasciitis, etc., and treated with massage, physical therapy, and hot compresses, which not only fail to achieve therapeutic effect and miss the time of thrombolysis, but also easily cause the spread of thrombus and increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. There is also a congenital peripheral vascular disease called K-T syndrome, which is due to abnormal development of blood vessels and is clinically manifested mainly by superficial varicose veins, accompanied by skin vascular nevus or excessive growth of the affected limbs. It is often misdiagnosed as varicose veins, and many patients are wrongly treated with stripping and ligation of superficial veins without understanding the deep veins, resulting in aggravation of the disease. Peripheral vascular diseases that are easily misdiagnosed and mistreated are not only these, such as mesenteric artery embolism is often misdiagnosed as intestinal obstruction, acute pancreatitis and other general acute abdominal diseases; some patients with long-term hypertension actually suffer from renal artery type of aortitis; some patients with long-term leg swelling may have so many misdiagnosis and mistreatment, which not only delay the treatment of the disease, but also increase the pain of patients and increase the burden of patients and society. The burden on patients and society is distressing. Therefore, we call on clinicians to learn more about peripheral vascular disease, and patients should go to peripheral vascular specialists if they have related symptoms, so as to reduce the occurrence of misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis through scientific testing and enable patients to receive timely and correct treatment.